Sunday, February 26, 2012

Power plant efficiency/scrubber problem for intro environmental engineering class?

I'm having difficulty with this question...can anyone help?



"Consider a new 38 percent-efficient 600-MW power plant burning 9000 Btu/lb coal containing 1 percent sulfur. If a 70 percent-efficient scrubber is used, what would be the emission rate of sulfur (lb/hr)?



Thanks!Power plant efficiency/scrubber problem for intro environmental engineering class?W = 600 megawatts = 2.04728498 脳 10^9 Btu / hr
畏_pw = 38 % = 0.38
畏_sc = 70 % = 0.7
GHV = 9000 Btu/lb --%26gt; contained 1% sulphur for 1 lb Coal sulphur is 0.01 lb

Coal required every hour,
M_coal = W / 畏_pw*GHV = 2.04728498 脳 10^9 [Btu / hr] / 0.38*9000 [Btu/lb]
M_coal = 598621.3392 lb/hr

Sulphur rate,
S_total = 1% * M_coal
S_total = 5986.213392 lb/hr

Sulphur emission rate,
S_dot = 畏_sc*S_total
S_dot = 4190.35 lb/hr
  • things to do in nyc
  • Environmental science problem...please help me!?

    A herd of caribou on Edwardian Island was measured in 1959 to be 20 animals and the herd was growing at a steady rate of 10% annually. An expedition returned to Edwardian Island in 1994. Assuming the dynamics of the herd have not changed, how many caribou will there be? Show how you arrive with your answer.Environmental science problem...please help me!?It's a simple interest problem, assuming that the island is large enough to support a large herd.

    How environmental friendly are modern car as surly with new technology cars should be cleaner?

    over resent years car manufacteres have been improving the performace of cars and the way it uses pertrol so what is being used in them should be less toxic in this case or will cars in the future be totally using biofuel if so how will this effect the enviroment in the future or is really there are far to many cars on the roads already and thats the real problem or is it an excuss to put the prise of petrol upHow environmental friendly are modern car as surly with new technology cars should be cleaner?Cars are indeed much more eco-friendlier than it used to be. If you ever watch old movies people used to commit suicides by running their cars with the garage doors closed. If you tried that NOW you just get a head ache (if that much).



    But Bio-Fuel isn't cleaner, it is just re-newable energy source - so the theory is it is better. That is yet to be proven. Either way it does NOT solve CO2 problem (see blow). It only solves the problems of OIL coming from the troubled Middle East region.



    ===



    The new problem is that whenever you burn any kind of fuel, it produce CO2 and that is green house gas (meaning it warms up the planet). So while it is cleaner (free from sulfur and nitrogen compounds), it still harms the earth - by warming it. So you take that and multiply it by millions of cars and you get global warming.



    So any real eco-friendly energy has to eliminate CO2 also. For that we have to eliminate any kind of combustion (fire).



    ===

    As for the prices, oil companies will take any kind of EXCUSE to hike up the price. They don't need just this crisis.



    Good Question - Good Luck.How environmental friendly are modern car as surly with new technology cars should be cleaner?Mordern cars get more and more environmentally friendly as they have to conform to ever increasing emissions laws. e.g. In Europe all new cars must be Euro IV compliant and Euro V will come into affect at some point which will be even more strict.



    Biofuel can be argued to not be an alternative as the volume of plants cut down to produce it has an adverse effect on the environment and actually contributes to increased CO2 in itself.



    Petrol prices going up are largely due to supply and demand. Various things have has a short term impact on prices recently which has driven the barrel of a price of oil up significantly. OPEC can control this to some extent though.



    Governments don't help with the increased prices as they see fuel duty as an easy target, but at the same time do little to stop people using their cars in ways of better public transport.How environmental friendly are modern car as surly with new technology cars should be cleaner?Bio fuel is not the overall answer. while it allows a car to reduce its output of harmful emissions the cost in providing that fuel is bad for the planet too.

    There are better alternatives but all have drawbacks or are not cost effective.

    alcohol as used in Argentina etc will give toxic free emissions and allow less wear on an engine but we cannot supply as per Bio fuel enough for everybody.

    The way forward at the moment is still being developed with things such as the hydrogen fuel cell but is not yet thought to be commercially viable etc.

    an in between offering is best at the moment such as the 'Prious' car which uses both an engine and electric motors and a battery to assist and work between them to reduce overall emissions. again it has a slight higher fuel usage than its petrol equivalent so it's till an open game as what is best. time will tell.

    Would you say that the environment (global warming, greenhouse emissions, etc...) is a rich mans problem?

    In light of recent issues about global warming, would you say that the responsibility for the environment is a problem that is due in large part to those that produce the most emissions, that of corporations? Yes we all use our fair share of the energy pie, corporations taking the biggest chunk of all; yet we鈥檙e told that we need to drive more efficient cars, use less electricity and travel less, while corporations are constantly looking for methods of expansion and resource exploitation and paying to have studies done that show that they鈥檙e not to blame for the current environmental problems



    The president says we have to have all the facts in before we can act on global warming, but should someone in Iraq fart hard, all he needs is a flimsy report to say that he鈥檚 a terrorist and we鈥檙e off to war. Plus when we look at the division of the wealth, the largest is found in the smallest portion of the population, that being of the rich who happen to sit at the head of many corporations.Would you say that the environment (global warming, greenhouse emissions, etc...) is a rich mans problem?I am not word savvy so please excuse. I have listened to both sides of the argument and I must say that if you are asking weather or not big industry plays a larger part in global warming? You would be correct! However, it is by our own design that these companies are in effect! We ask for bigger better products and as such receive them! The larger the company the hirer the turn out, which makes the consumer very happy. There will always be this problem unless people from every walk of life control their spending, no matter how much or how little. Poor or rich we have all played a large roll in what science has named global warming. You can not blame large industry alone for the majority of this problem, because they are controlled mainly by the needs, wants and desires of ordinary people like you and me. Your computer for instance? This is a product that must be created and in turn releases gases into our atmosphere that is harmful. Everyone wants one soooo, Large companies produce produce produce. If we are to blame one person for this blame ME. Or perhaps yourself? We all play a role in this problem and we all pay the price. Yuck! I hate the idea that I helped cause this problem. Good luck and I hope you receive the answers you want!Would you say that the environment (global warming, greenhouse emissions, etc...) is a rich mans problem?
    Simple, who funds the governments ? :)Would you say that the environment (global warming, greenhouse emissions, etc...) is a rich mans problem?If someone (even from inside the company) were to admit such a thing it would be either slander or libel



    global warming is everyone's problem and bicyles are cheaper than even the most environmentally safe carsWould you say that the environment (global warming, greenhouse emissions, etc...) is a rich mans problem?
    I can't help but think of Alec Baldwin in Team America, "But but...the big corporations...and.."

    If it wheren't for big corporations where do you think we would be?

    And yes, large industrial sectors have way more effect on emissions, which is why it is pointless to inconvenience your life by doing little things to "save the environment". Want to help? Donate money to research, they are the ones who are going to make a difference.Would you say that the environment (global warming, greenhouse emissions, etc...) is a rich mans problem?The thing about big corporations is, they make products that we all buy. Pollution and global warming are everyone's problem because it is largely our lifestyle that drives it. We are a society of consumers and it is that constant consumption which makes it profitable for the big scary corporations to pollute the world.



    If you want to make corporations pollute less, buy less stuff.



    Better yet, do some research and identify the most egregious offenders - then lead a boycott of their products. On the flip-side, there are also companies that go out of their way to minimize environmental impacts of their operations. Their products are often more expensive because of it, but you can vote for their behavior by buying their products instead of cheaper versions from environmental abusers.



    In a way you are right about it being more the fault of the rich, but only to the extent that the rich consume more.Would you say that the environment (global warming, greenhouse emissions, etc...) is a rich mans problem?
    Let's be real. Americans pollutes more than someone from the 3rd world. The income of the average american is more that the income from someone from the 3rd world. So, I could say yes.

    The problem is that the "rich people" aren't the only ones that suffer the consequences.

    What really gets me mad is someone telling me things like "travel less". I mean, the president has his own airplane....and I bet the presidents and the big companies have at least one too. So shut the f*** up!!!what kind of example is that?!!

    Now that we know that the only thing they care about is money. We all have to wake up and do something about it. I know is really hard to be against a huge corporation because they are behind of most of the products we use daily.... it's like fighting against Godzilla.

    Hard but not impossible.......Would you say that the environment (global warming, greenhouse emissions, etc...) is a rich mans problem?
    It is the poor people who are the food producers in the third world countries

    they are living with the effects of the rich people hunger

    and it will become everybodies problem

    what if the third world stops producing food for the rich as you call them

    will they become canibals again



    this is my answer on global warming that i wrote a few minutes ago



    global warming is one of the Mega threats that loom over humanity,with many related factors each as mega as the other



    in North Africa,India,Mexico ,millions of people are effected by land loss and desertification



    In the days of the dinosaurs this planet was under an aquiferus manta ,a mist that covered the entire earth ,and there were no desserts .

    Count how many there are today,and all of them are as a result of mans actions.

    the sahara used to be forrests,it is now a dessert that grows by 7kilometres per year

    arabia ,irak ,iran used to be fertile lands in biblical times

    Ghengas Kahn put every thing to the sword and torch turning vast territories into desserts,and to make sure he filled all the wells with sand.



    in recent times thousands of people have died because of exessive heat,usually old people.in India ,Mexico and France,

    Deforestation causing desertification,the desert conditions causing very cold nights and scorching hot days



    in china, thousands of what used to be farmers are running for their lives from the dust storms that have burried about 900 of their towns,and villages, transforming their lands into dessert,

    and instead of producing food they are now needing it from some where else,



    the Chinese will drastically effect the world food prices when they start buying water in the form of grains(1 ton of corn represents 1000 tons of water) ,at any cost destabalising governments, in some countries ,could be the result

    (are you seeing more Chinese around interested in buying agricultural lands??? ,we do here in Mexico)



    so as far as the food production is concerned Global warming or some of its effects are serious,



    each degree rise in temperature means 10%crop loss



    more landloss because of desertification every year,we have less areble land to produce food ,for an extra 70 million people ,and there is less and less water (because of deforestation),they areoverpumping deep carbon aquifiers to irrigate this production ,

    and plowing more and more unstable lands ,because they have lost so many million hectares to desertification ,

    because of bad farming practises ,such as using fertilizers and heavy machinary or over grazing.

    (Ghengas would have been envious of the effects of modern Agriculture)



    and there are less and less farmers to do it..because so many of their sons are leaving for the cities



    Our consumption of water is ever increasing and our drinkable water supply is shrinking because of polution ,and the production of potable water is less all the time because of deforestation.

    we are living in a bubble economy and when the bubble bursts

    food prices will sky rocket,and so will the price of water.



    the wars of the future will be for water and we will be up to our ears in the wrong water



    RISING SEAS result in more landloss

    The northpole is melting ,and we will know it without ice in our life times.

    this does not affect the sea level because it is ice that is already in the water.but the melting ice from Green land and the south pole ,are another matter.



    Global warming is in theory reversable,but it will mean global co operation between all countries ,and taking into account human nature and the world politics ,it is unlikely that this will happen,



    At least not untill we are all in the middle of planetary disastres and it becomes a battle for the survival of humanity every where.



    However

    Almost all governments in the first world and many others who deal with them,are already working on this for a long time ,

    In Mexico many farmers are being persuaded Agro forestall farming which includes trees ,like shade grown coffee



    and many countries like Germany and the USA ,for example have made heavy commitments to reduce carbon emissions

    Countries like Australia ,Denmark,USA and South Africa to name but a few are spending a lot on alternative energies ,



    but all of this is still far to slow

    greed to further exploit the petrolium business prevents fast positive advancement



    SOLUTIONS

    if you want to help the planet ,plant a tree every week ,if EVERYONE on the planet did this, we would be able to reverse the destructive processes,and start creating more biomass again.



    reduce carbon emisions,and they are already working on that by alternative forms of energy and regulations on carbon producing materials,aerosol cans,burning rubbish,industrial chimneys,powerplants etc.



    the world bank pays large subsidies for reforrestation to capture carbon and the best tree for this is the Pawlonia



    Waterharvesting projects ,such as millions of small dams.to redirect over ground waterflows from the rains into the ground to supply subteranian water supplies.



    the protection of existing forrests.and the production of water



    stop building more highways,urban planning to include vegetation stop building cities encourage people to return to the land to conduct their business from there which now has become possible thanks to the internet.



    education to motivate people to auto sufficiency by building more home food gardens.



    education on environmental awareness

    education on family planning to curb over麓population



    Agricultural education and improvements to follow the principals or sustainability and soil management.



    more land design to prevent bush fires,such as--fire breaks



    regulations and control for public behaviour



    alternative effeciant public transport to discourage the use of the internal conbustion engine



    recicling wastes,limit water use



    i am a Permaculture Consultant for the department of Ecology for the regional government in Guerrero Mexico Source(s) Lester E Brown is the director and founder of the global institute of Environment in the United states .he has compiled a report based on all the satalite information available from NASA,and all the information that has

    come from Universities and American embassies WORLD WIDE ,

    his little book--a planet under stress , Plan B has been trans lated into 50 languages and won the best book award in 2003.
    Here is something to think about don't believe me check this stuff out...



    1.Water(H2O) is the only element known to man to expand when it freezes every other element contracts when it freezes so that is the first fact. For example fill a milk jugg with water, now stick it in the freezer... come back later and it will have exploded from preassure of freezing water.



    2.Icebergs are massive chunks of ice, only a few percent of the ice is above water, which means the rest of the ice is underwater.



    3.The ice underwater because water expands when it freezes is displacing the liquid water. So when that iceberg melts all the ice under the water will contract and fill a smaller space, so the level of the water will be less now because the ice which was displacing the liquid water is unfrozen and now occupies a less amount of space.



    4.Scientific models show that if all the ice on this planet melted we would see a 3" DROP in ocean levels NOT a rise but a DROP.



    Now isn't that interesting.



    Now for the greenhouse gasses.



    1.Plants LOVE a carbon dioxide rich air supply.



    2.The more carbon dioxide their is the faster they grow.



    3.Plants use photosynthesis to get their food so they can grow.



    4.When the plants sense a higher level of carbon dioxide they will make up for it by sucking up more and more and one of the products of photosynthesis is OXYGEN!!



    5.So no matter how much CARBON DIOXIDE there is the plants will COMPENSATE and suck up more and grow faster and bigger. and the bigger the plant is the more OXYGEN it produces through photosynthesis

    Environmental Science Questions?

    From taking an environmental science class at school I have some questions



    1) Soil is not lifeless. What kinds of organisms inhabit soil and what do they do. Cite a few example.



    2)What is the importance of top soil in an ecosystem or farmland? What sort of techniques can be applied to protect farmland topsoil from erosion?



    3)Should we be concerned about the current and predicted future population of human beings on the planet? why or why not?



    4)Someone tells you that the world is too big for little humans to cause global environment problems, Why are they informed?Environmental Science Questions?Soil contains bacteria, fungi, insects, earthworms



    topsoil has the most nutrients

    contour plowing

    not cutting down treed areas

    cover crops



    yes, over population as well as the effect of humans on pollution



    global warming is misnamed. It is not just warming. There are areas that get colder, areas of flooding, areas of drought, increased storms, etc



    CO2 in the air as well as other greenhouse gases contribute to warming of the planet as a whole.

    What would happen if a lengthy, severe drought were to affect your community? What impact would it have on ind?

    What would happen if a lengthy, severe drought were to affect your community? What impact would it have on individual lives? What impact would it have on the economy? How might the members of the community respond in seeking solutions to the problems caused by the environmental change?What would happen if a lengthy, severe drought were to affect your community? What impact would it have on ind?depends. if in an election year, the politicians will be handing out all kinds of free drinks until the voting takes place. after that, it's each man for himself.
  • fazolis
  • Is this the answer to global warming?

    This pathetic excuse of a government believes that pricing us off the road is the answer to environmental problems. I suggest that we outlaw Tea and Coffee!! Think about it, Tea and Coffee are imported from far away and therefore we clock up millions of miles of industrial travel to get it here. On the other hand think of the billions of killer watts of energy wasted every day to heat the water for these drinks! Let鈥檚 tax hot drinks out of existence! I need my car to get to work! No one needs Tea! Another plus is that people will sleep better!

    Do you agree?Is this the answer to global warming?That is just ignorant. Global warming is a farce. The increases in the worlds temp are cyclical. As recently as the 70's, people were worried about global cooling. It is pretty conceited of us (humans) to think we can affect global climate in such a relatively short period of time.Is this the answer to global warming?
    The only way to stop global warming is to cool the sun and if that happens we all die anyway.



    I do love my tea, though. i guess I could go recycle some plastic bottles....Is this the answer to global warming?Anyone for a cuppa? only 拢30Is this the answer to global warming?
    Ummm....Did you forget your history? The American revolution started because the government screwed around with tea. Banning both coffee and tea would cause an all out civil war.Is this the answer to global warming?Recent evidence suggests that CO2 is not a major contributor to global warming! Don't get me wrong, I fully believe that the earth is heating up, I just don't believe that CO2 is the answer.



    But, if the government is to start taxing CO2, then I think that Tea and Coffee would be a good start - but then what about all of the exotic and seasonal food we enjoy. New potatoes all year round, fresh tomatoes, pineapples, peppers - all the food that has to be imported or grown in heated greenhouses.



    What we need to do is move back into the caves and run around killing animals for food. No cars, no TV, no hospitals - then when the 'heatwave' does come - nobody will give a toss.
    Don't worry, you are closer then you think to the truth. Al Gore and a lot of his liberal friends from California like Gov. Arnold are pushing Carbon Credits. This will be nothing more then a tax on using carbon energy.



    Currently they are pushing to charge the big 3 American auto makers more then $48 billion because of the average fuel consumption of their vehicles. However they are going to let the Toyota Tundra come in with no expense because the average fuel consumption is higher. Why would we tax our manufactures out of business and let foreign vehicles in much cheaper. Are the libs trying to force manufactures to out source?



    Does Mother Earth care about this tax while she sees someone burns 100 times more carbon energy then the average citizen like Al Gore? You hear the talk about collecting the money but not how they will spend it. And Al Gore has his own Carbon Credit bank that the money he puts into it, he gets it back on the other side.



    I could go on about how much energy the people who are pushing this action are wasting them selves, however that would take up to much space here.Is this the answer to global warming?
    Good idea.Were you aware that is estimated it takes 43 litres of water to make one cup of coffee?With all the watering the plants need etc.
    The only control the government has over oil is where they will not allow it to be drilled for. O.P.E.C. and the oil producing nations determine the barrel price. China and Russia, especially China's industry is becoming one of the biggest consumers so they can make all the crap we buy. It's a demand and supply question. Don't tell me about fuel cell cars either It takes as much fossil fuel to produce one gallon of hydrogen. We need to drill in the cow pastures in Alaska. The answer is not more taxes its more of our own oil.Is this the answer to global warming?
    My friend :



    I'm all for do everything in my power to help for a cleaner environment. I bike to work (14km) everyday. Take extra care in using water, electric appliances etc. I never buy produce that has not grown in 50km distance from where I live.

    But, if your idea goes through (I do not say that it is not correct) I will personally find you and rip your pulsing hart from you chest with my bare hands.

    Coffee makes the world work.
    Chris, Coffee and Tea is one import I would never want to see stop being imported.



    Yes I feel we need to do the right thing to clean up our environment. (Because it's the right thing to do.) Not because of Global Warming, since Global Warming is a natural phenomenon.
    this government will latch on to whatever can be used as an excuse to impose a new charge..Problem? impose a charge, that'll fix it. The current hysteria over global warming is a case in point. How can we be so arrogant as to presume that we have control over the forces of nature, not man, which govern this phenomenon? The government plans a set of moves based on a false premise and what does the 'opposition' do? Claims they're not doing enough!!!! Where are we to go, those of us who arent blind to the bleedin' obvious and who want a government that represents us?
    I think that we need to get a list of everyone who believes in global warming. Then take the list and round up all those people, cut off their electricity, take away their car, and then set them up with 1 cow, a dirt hovel, and 10 acres of land with some seeds to start their new life of energy and pollution independence. Then the rest of us can live in peace without hearing their shrill crys of lies.
    No now what you make a good commercial what drug and no school do for kids you have got to be kidding about this please tell me you are. If not you need help!!!