I'm trying to find ways to help save the environment (and human's health) through ways of volunteering. Please don't offer any of the ways to do it around your house, such as turning off electronics; I just want specific ways to go out and volunteer your time to help solve the current environmental problems. As many as you know of please.How do you volunteer to help the environment? ?Try to find an organization that concentrates on the environment. Lots of high schools have environment clubs. Ducks Unlimited works to preserve wetlands. Or the Nature Conservancy.
You can also try to find environmental organizations by searching at Charity Navigator or Guide Star.How do you volunteer to help the environment? ?There are lots of groups out there that help to protect the environment. Some groups get involved in rehabilitating local habitat, others do wildlife research. I got involved in an advocacy group several years ago and ended up making submissions to the Government about development proposals and initiating Court action to protect natural areas. Some groups look after injured wildlife, others involve community gardens. I was once involved in with people that learnt about composting and recycling and then provided training to others in the community.
Where I am from the local council has a community directory which lists all soughts of groups. Youo could probably get access to a community directory through your local library. Failing that contact your State/regional conservation agency, they may be able to give you some pointers.
Good luck.
Monday, January 30, 2012
Will there be a greater demand for biologists in the near future due to global warming?
I know that the fight to help stop global warming is getting stronger, does that mean there will be more jobs for biologists? My major is wildlife biology, I'm just wondering how the job outlook is going to change with all these environmental problems and species going extinct.Will there be a greater demand for biologists in the near future due to global warming?It could potentially. When the climate of the world changes it affects the species that have adapted to those climates. Plants won't be able to move, however they may be able to disperse seeds to new territories. Animals will try to migrate and so forth. Therefore there is potential for expanding research areas due to global warming. Bottom line is there are going to be a lot of questions that need to be answered if global warming continues at the current rate. While wildlife biology is definitely going to be important, ecosystem dynamics as a whole are may ultimately be what requires the most attention.Will there be a greater demand for biologists in the near future due to global warming?
I don't know that any number of bilogists would be able to help stop global warming. That being said I do think that the job demand may increase due to the need to maintain current life forms.Will there be a greater demand for biologists in the near future due to global warming?Global warming simply put is a myth blown out of proportion by people like Al Gore. Al Gore has done a lot for the environment, but global warming has not been his best work. All historical records show in the past that before a major ice age, the Earth heats up slightly. Today's warming has nothing to do with green house gases or with humans at all. We have just slightly speeded up the process, but barely. An ice age is coming because this year was the first year in record it has ever snowed in L.A. county. Global warming is simply a natural process which cannot be affected by humans or any other species here on Earth.Will there be a greater demand for biologists in the near future due to global warming?
I would not hire u.Will there be a greater demand for biologists in the near future due to global warming?I fail to see how global warming would increase the demand for biologists. It would make more sense that it would increase demand for Geologists and Climatologists as their scientific fields are much more directly related to global climate. Biologists deal with living things - the climate is not a living thing, so clmate change is really outside their field of study. They may be usefull in studying the effects of global warming on living things (for example, the effect of climate change on polar bear populations)... Still I think that they would play a much more minor role than climatologists and geologists - climatologists because they study climate, and geologists because in order to understand climate change you must understand what the climate was like in the past and to do that you must be an expert in geology.Will there be a greater demand for biologists in the near future due to global warming?
No, There will be a need for boat drivers!Will there be a greater demand for biologists in the near future due to global warming?
I think that with the increase in human population there will be an increase in emission of green house gases into the atmosphere and destruction of our ozone causing global warming and species extinction.More over species extinction also due to fragmentation of large forest areas and other threats that humans impose on wildlife(e.g pollution) wildlife would always be under threat so yes we would need more biologists in the future..not only to combat global warming.
no one can predict the future, except miss cleo, so give her a call.
I don't know that any number of bilogists would be able to help stop global warming. That being said I do think that the job demand may increase due to the need to maintain current life forms.Will there be a greater demand for biologists in the near future due to global warming?Global warming simply put is a myth blown out of proportion by people like Al Gore. Al Gore has done a lot for the environment, but global warming has not been his best work. All historical records show in the past that before a major ice age, the Earth heats up slightly. Today's warming has nothing to do with green house gases or with humans at all. We have just slightly speeded up the process, but barely. An ice age is coming because this year was the first year in record it has ever snowed in L.A. county. Global warming is simply a natural process which cannot be affected by humans or any other species here on Earth.Will there be a greater demand for biologists in the near future due to global warming?
I would not hire u.Will there be a greater demand for biologists in the near future due to global warming?I fail to see how global warming would increase the demand for biologists. It would make more sense that it would increase demand for Geologists and Climatologists as their scientific fields are much more directly related to global climate. Biologists deal with living things - the climate is not a living thing, so clmate change is really outside their field of study. They may be usefull in studying the effects of global warming on living things (for example, the effect of climate change on polar bear populations)... Still I think that they would play a much more minor role than climatologists and geologists - climatologists because they study climate, and geologists because in order to understand climate change you must understand what the climate was like in the past and to do that you must be an expert in geology.Will there be a greater demand for biologists in the near future due to global warming?
No, There will be a need for boat drivers!Will there be a greater demand for biologists in the near future due to global warming?
I think that with the increase in human population there will be an increase in emission of green house gases into the atmosphere and destruction of our ozone causing global warming and species extinction.More over species extinction also due to fragmentation of large forest areas and other threats that humans impose on wildlife(e.g pollution) wildlife would always be under threat so yes we would need more biologists in the future..not only to combat global warming.
no one can predict the future, except miss cleo, so give her a call.
Would humans be more advanced if there were never any wars?
I was asking this to a friend yesterday and I theorized that we would at least be 2000 years more advanced than we currently are. Think of all the time we could spend focusing on environmental problems, diseases, famine and other worldly dilemmas or discoveries if we had never had one war through all of human history. How do you think the world would be?Would humans be more advanced if there were never any wars?Possibly, but you must remember that as a result of countless wars and international strife, some countries became the dominant power. For example, before the Barbary Wars, no one would've thought that the United States would become the world's leader in just about everything. If the Revolutionary War never happened, we would be without 75% of our current knowledge, and we owe this to the Colonists who won the war- they created the United States. Now let's look into ancient times. The Roman Empire-Conquests all over the world. Those are wars. If they never happened, if the Roman Empire never existed, do you think we would have the knowledge we do now? You must remember that the Renaissance marked the end of the Dark Ages, and that the Dark Ages were the period between the fall of the Romans and the period before the Renaissance. The Renaissance, as a direct result of the Roman Empire, in that Renaissance humanists strived to return to the classical age of Greco-Roman times, gave rise to numerous other international movements such as the Religious Reformation, Scientific Revolution, Sexual Revolution, Industrial Revolution, modern medicine, and the Atomic Bomb. Yes, you may say that as the world is growing more powerful and wealthy, the world is becoming less civilized. But would any of the good things in this world be possible without the wars, battles, genocides or empires that caused the rise of nations, that today are the very definition of Modern Civilization?Would humans be more advanced if there were never any wars?
Given how many inventions and techniques also used in peace time were first developed during war time, I would think not.
Plus, the world would be even more overpopulated without the occasional war.Would humans be more advanced if there were never any wars?I don't know about that. The thing is, war is the force that has spurred on many scientific discoveries. Guns, catapaults, nuclear use (the Manhattan Prjoect). Even going into space was the product of the Space Race between the Soviets and the US--and more too.Would humans be more advanced if there were never any wars?
Your friend is sorely mistaken and almost certainly a homosexual. War often drives innovation as necessity is the mother of invention. Things like satellite communication, gps, and radar have been developed by military scientists. Also, war is awesome. There are cool explosions and bloody guts everywhere. Anyone who tells you otherwise is not to be trusted. Report your friend to the authorities.Would humans be more advanced if there were never any wars?I agree with you, but also some technologies have been developed during or because of war ( not just nuclear warheads and 'weapons of mass destruction'). Medicine and communications also advanced hugely due to war. Sadly, we have learned a lot from wars. I'd like to live in a conflict - free world, though. It sounds nice.
Here's an example of technology developed during one war:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_鈥?/a>Would humans be more advanced if there were never any wars?
Wrong!
The most advances come DURING WARS. The pressure caused by wars makes people look to make inventions, improvements, increase productivity, industrialization, etc. Things move ahead faster when there are problems.
In any case, 'what if' is useless. There are wars, have always been wars, and probably always will be wars. It only takes one bad politician to make a war.Would humans be more advanced if there were never any wars?
No, in fact, in would be the opposite, because wars contribute to factories, which develop new things.
Given how many inventions and techniques also used in peace time were first developed during war time, I would think not.
Plus, the world would be even more overpopulated without the occasional war.Would humans be more advanced if there were never any wars?I don't know about that. The thing is, war is the force that has spurred on many scientific discoveries. Guns, catapaults, nuclear use (the Manhattan Prjoect). Even going into space was the product of the Space Race between the Soviets and the US--and more too.Would humans be more advanced if there were never any wars?
Your friend is sorely mistaken and almost certainly a homosexual. War often drives innovation as necessity is the mother of invention. Things like satellite communication, gps, and radar have been developed by military scientists. Also, war is awesome. There are cool explosions and bloody guts everywhere. Anyone who tells you otherwise is not to be trusted. Report your friend to the authorities.Would humans be more advanced if there were never any wars?I agree with you, but also some technologies have been developed during or because of war ( not just nuclear warheads and 'weapons of mass destruction'). Medicine and communications also advanced hugely due to war. Sadly, we have learned a lot from wars. I'd like to live in a conflict - free world, though. It sounds nice.
Here's an example of technology developed during one war:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_鈥?/a>Would humans be more advanced if there were never any wars?
Wrong!
The most advances come DURING WARS. The pressure caused by wars makes people look to make inventions, improvements, increase productivity, industrialization, etc. Things move ahead faster when there are problems.
In any case, 'what if' is useless. There are wars, have always been wars, and probably always will be wars. It only takes one bad politician to make a war.Would humans be more advanced if there were never any wars?
No, in fact, in would be the opposite, because wars contribute to factories, which develop new things.
Write a speech highlighting the positive impact of the media on the life of common man?
the media is a great source for spreading awareness regarding health, social and environmental problems and other areas related to our lives.Write a speech highlighting the positive impact of the media on the life of common man?Sounds like you have a good start.
So YOU write YOUR speech (and quit asking the Yahoo Community to engage in academic dishonesty by writing something for you to plagiarize) and we can HELP you make it better.
So YOU write YOUR speech (and quit asking the Yahoo Community to engage in academic dishonesty by writing something for you to plagiarize) and we can HELP you make it better.
What are some ways that a new mining project would impact the area in which it is located?
A. new jobs, higher standard of living, increased educational opportunities
B. new jobs, community harmony, increased public funds
C. higher taxes, better schools, cleaner environment
D. new jobs, degradation of local culture, and long-term environmental problemsWhat are some ways that a new mining project would impact the area in which it is located?I bet your teacher is looking for answer D, but that's not entirely true all the time. "Degradation of local culture" sounds like a catch phrase for. "Yes, of course mines are 100% necessary if we want to maintain our current standard of living and our culture as we know it, but we don't want one near us." If everyone said that, imagine how our "culture" would fall apart.What are some ways that a new mining project would impact the area in which it is located?Possibly D.
But B also looks viable. It also depends on what type of project. An open cast mine gets the Greene's going, because they don't like digging holes, but creates heaps of jobs at the site and improves the downstream jobs.
Toxic waste is another issue,as mining uses chemicals to further process the ore to get the minerals, and the waste isn't going to go away.Mining towns in countries such as Australia are normally single man camps, where people are flown in for a few weeks, and then flown out again at the end of their shift.bento
B. new jobs, community harmony, increased public funds
C. higher taxes, better schools, cleaner environment
D. new jobs, degradation of local culture, and long-term environmental problemsWhat are some ways that a new mining project would impact the area in which it is located?I bet your teacher is looking for answer D, but that's not entirely true all the time. "Degradation of local culture" sounds like a catch phrase for. "Yes, of course mines are 100% necessary if we want to maintain our current standard of living and our culture as we know it, but we don't want one near us." If everyone said that, imagine how our "culture" would fall apart.What are some ways that a new mining project would impact the area in which it is located?Possibly D.
But B also looks viable. It also depends on what type of project. An open cast mine gets the Greene's going, because they don't like digging holes, but creates heaps of jobs at the site and improves the downstream jobs.
Toxic waste is another issue,as mining uses chemicals to further process the ore to get the minerals, and the waste isn't going to go away.Mining towns in countries such as Australia are normally single man camps, where people are flown in for a few weeks, and then flown out again at the end of their shift.
Who can tell me what are the most polluted cities in the world?
Hello,I wonder if anyone can tell me what are the most polluted cities in the world?Can you list the names of 20 or perhaps 30 of them?Thank you very much,I'm doing a research on environmental problems.Who can tell me what are the most polluted cities in the world?From Forbes:
"New York - U.S. cities continue to pollute at a great rate. Still, to put this in perspective, they are all better than Chinese cities that hold the title of the world's worst. The Chinese wrested that title from Mexico City--since all ten in China are more polluted than Mexico's capital."
Ten Most Polluted U.S. Cities (Ozone Rated Only)
1. Los Angeles (Long Beach, Calif., Riverside, Calif.)
2. Bakersfield, Calif.
3. Fresno-Madera, Calif.
4. Visalia-Porterville, Calif.
5. Merced, Calif.
6. Houston (Baytown, Huntsville, Tex.)
7. Sacramento (Arden, Calif., Arcade, Calif., Truckee, Nev.)
8. Dallas/Forth Worth
9. New York (Newark, N.J., Bridgeport, Conn.)
10. Philadelphia (Camden, N.J., Vineland, N.J.)
Most Polluted Cities In China (And The World)
1. Linfen, Shanxi Province
2. Yangquan, Shanxi Province
3. Datong, Shanxi Province
4. Shizuishan, Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
5. Sanmanxia, Henan Province
6. Jincheng, Gansu Province
7. Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province
8. Xianyang, Shanxi Province
9. Zhuzhou, Hunan Province
10. Luoyang, Henan Province"
Hope this helps!Who can tell me what are the most polluted cities in the world?The bigger the city the more pollution that will be produced. U need to remove CO2 from your list as it is not a pollutant. All CO2 that is produced by us the world is already taken care of by mother nature . The plants proceed the CO2 and turn it into oxygen in a process called photosynthesis . That should take care4 of over 50% of your problem.Who can tell me what are the most polluted cities in the world?Depends on what kind of pollution you're talking about. Here's a large database:
http://www.nationmaster.com/cat/env-envi鈥?/a>Who can tell me what are the most polluted cities in the world?
Here is a good list of "places". It shows that cities are usually not the worst places.
"New York - U.S. cities continue to pollute at a great rate. Still, to put this in perspective, they are all better than Chinese cities that hold the title of the world's worst. The Chinese wrested that title from Mexico City--since all ten in China are more polluted than Mexico's capital."
Ten Most Polluted U.S. Cities (Ozone Rated Only)
1. Los Angeles (Long Beach, Calif., Riverside, Calif.)
2. Bakersfield, Calif.
3. Fresno-Madera, Calif.
4. Visalia-Porterville, Calif.
5. Merced, Calif.
6. Houston (Baytown, Huntsville, Tex.)
7. Sacramento (Arden, Calif., Arcade, Calif., Truckee, Nev.)
8. Dallas/Forth Worth
9. New York (Newark, N.J., Bridgeport, Conn.)
10. Philadelphia (Camden, N.J., Vineland, N.J.)
Most Polluted Cities In China (And The World)
1. Linfen, Shanxi Province
2. Yangquan, Shanxi Province
3. Datong, Shanxi Province
4. Shizuishan, Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region
5. Sanmanxia, Henan Province
6. Jincheng, Gansu Province
7. Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province
8. Xianyang, Shanxi Province
9. Zhuzhou, Hunan Province
10. Luoyang, Henan Province"
Hope this helps!Who can tell me what are the most polluted cities in the world?The bigger the city the more pollution that will be produced. U need to remove CO2 from your list as it is not a pollutant. All CO2 that is produced by us the world is already taken care of by mother nature . The plants proceed the CO2 and turn it into oxygen in a process called photosynthesis . That should take care4 of over 50% of your problem.Who can tell me what are the most polluted cities in the world?Depends on what kind of pollution you're talking about. Here's a large database:
http://www.nationmaster.com/cat/env-envi鈥?/a>Who can tell me what are the most polluted cities in the world?
Here is a good list of "places". It shows that cities are usually not the worst places.
Would humans be more advanced if there were never any wars?
I was asking this to a friend yesterday and I theorized that we would at least be 2000 years more advanced than we currently are. Think of all the time we could spend focusing on environmental problems, diseases, famine and other worldly dilemmas or discoveries if we had never had one war through all of human history. How do you think the world would be?Would humans be more advanced if there were never any wars?Tricky question. Certainly technological development has been greatly boosted by the need to develop weapons of war, but that doesn't always make much difference to human welfare.Would humans be more advanced if there were never any wars?
It's doubtful.
We humans seem only to be incredibly clever when we need the intelligence to blow up someone else's country.
Disgusting, isn't it? -.-Would humans be more advanced if there were never any wars?Yes most definitely. We would morally be a lot more advanced, and without wasting our time, effort, and money on making war products and ect. we would focus it on other things. Take care and God bless.Would humans be more advanced if there were never any wars?
Doubtful. The jet engine, the internet, the rocket, all were created for military purposes.Would humans be more advanced if there were never any wars?war is a big motivator for scientific and technological innovation, so no.
It's doubtful.
We humans seem only to be incredibly clever when we need the intelligence to blow up someone else's country.
Disgusting, isn't it? -.-Would humans be more advanced if there were never any wars?Yes most definitely. We would morally be a lot more advanced, and without wasting our time, effort, and money on making war products and ect. we would focus it on other things. Take care and God bless.Would humans be more advanced if there were never any wars?
Doubtful. The jet engine, the internet, the rocket, all were created for military purposes.Would humans be more advanced if there were never any wars?war is a big motivator for scientific and technological innovation, so no.
A developer wants to build a waste water treatment plant on property near my son..Is is Safe to do this...?
The developer wants to put in the first privately owned and operated waste water development. It is a very rich community and he cannot get permission ot hook into the city and sewage system because it is overworked now..We are on an adjacent development and we are afraid the of the odors and environmental problems that might come of all this...Are there any articles or legal procedures that we may back up our claims that we can prevent this from becoming a reality...ThanksA developer wants to build a waste water treatment plant on property near my son..Is is Safe to do this...?I work for a private company that manages Water and Wastewater plants... if this does become a reality make sure they have a good operator, because if it is ran correctly than you will have no smell and very little noise... but to put in a plant they do have to go through a lot of red tape through your state and the epa. Hope this helpsA developer wants to build a waste water treatment plant on property near my son..Is is Safe to do this...?I hope you can certainly put a halt to this outrage! Imagine, treating raw sewage! What are these people thinking?A developer wants to build a waste water treatment plant on property near my son..Is is Safe to do this...?An EPA study will take years. The best thing to do is to go out on the land he wants to build on and find a teeny-weeny little bug that lives there and then call the Sierra Club.
Seriously, he will have a lot of legal and administrative hoops to jump through before a shovel is stuck in the ground.
It sounds like the property there is in a pretty heavily property taxed area. You and your neighbors will have a lot of chances to be heard.A developer wants to build a waste water treatment plant on property near my son..Is is Safe to do this...?
So, do you just not want a private poop plant there (trust me, it's NOT the first one - maybe the first in your area) or do you not want the development there?
There are really four choices here:
1. No development on the property
2. Low density development with septic tanks
3. Expand the current treatment plant to create more capacity
4. Put in a private plant.
If you are just anti-development, #1 is your choice; but if you don't want development on a parcel you had better buy it or have your local government ban the development and pay the current owner/developer of the property the economic damages. #2 has its own problems; septic drain fields take lots of room and tend to pollute nearby surface waters and aquifers. Expanding the current plant would cost YOU money in higher sewer rates. Seems to me that a private plant is the best solution for you and your son with the lowest cost both financially and environmentally. If we ignore the financial cost to you and your son, expanding the current plant is the best solution both environmentally and for the owners of the new houses.
A properly operated, modern treatment plant will have very low/no odor outside its fence line and will result in much less chance of pollution than septic tanks and drainfields.
Seriously, he will have a lot of legal and administrative hoops to jump through before a shovel is stuck in the ground.
It sounds like the property there is in a pretty heavily property taxed area. You and your neighbors will have a lot of chances to be heard.A developer wants to build a waste water treatment plant on property near my son..Is is Safe to do this...?
So, do you just not want a private poop plant there (trust me, it's NOT the first one - maybe the first in your area) or do you not want the development there?
There are really four choices here:
1. No development on the property
2. Low density development with septic tanks
3. Expand the current treatment plant to create more capacity
4. Put in a private plant.
If you are just anti-development, #1 is your choice; but if you don't want development on a parcel you had better buy it or have your local government ban the development and pay the current owner/developer of the property the economic damages. #2 has its own problems; septic drain fields take lots of room and tend to pollute nearby surface waters and aquifers. Expanding the current plant would cost YOU money in higher sewer rates. Seems to me that a private plant is the best solution for you and your son with the lowest cost both financially and environmentally. If we ignore the financial cost to you and your son, expanding the current plant is the best solution both environmentally and for the owners of the new houses.
A properly operated, modern treatment plant will have very low/no odor outside its fence line and will result in much less chance of pollution than septic tanks and drainfields.
What happens if you don't remove the dissolved silver from the fixer?
this is a topic about photography, when developing photos. i need to know what environmental problems it brings if you don't remove the dissolved silver from the film. please and thank you.What happens if you don't remove the dissolved silver from the fixer?Silver is a heavy metal.
The EPA has a huge document that deals with releasing heavy metals into the environment including silver.
Kodak also has some Information on recycling silver you will want to research.
And finally, look for an MSDS covering silver and its chemical properties
The EPA has a huge document that deals with releasing heavy metals into the environment including silver.
Kodak also has some Information on recycling silver you will want to research.
And finally, look for an MSDS covering silver and its chemical properties
What were the environmental concerns to drilling off the two coasts that caused the original ban?
Why did Bush One, being an oil man, agree to the ban in the first place if there are no serious enviromental problems with drilling in these areas?What were the environmental concerns to drilling off the two coasts that caused the original ban?There have been numerous oil spills and there is a risk that the Federal Government could impose drilling on the States, although I doubt it with Bush out of office.The solution is price controls, nationalization, better relations with Venezuela, alternate fuels and CONSERVATION.What were the environmental concerns to drilling off the two coasts that caused the original ban?
Well he just lifted a ban the other week.
Fact of the matter is, we can drill environmentally safe and clean.
It won't solve all of energy problem, BUT IT WILL DEFINITELY HELP!
We need a mix of solutions to become energy independent.
Oil, alternative fuels, conservation.....
Only saying alternative fuels will solve the problem won't.What were the environmental concerns to drilling off the two coasts that caused the original ban?I can't give you any proof, but if someone knew how to access the info, I'm sure they'd find the ban was originally tied to political policies with the Middle East. They said, stop drilling for your own oil and buy ours or ELSE! The war is tied to oil, politics is tied to oil, our lives are tied to oil. Why do you think we're having such a hard time with this 'gas crisis'. The U.S. needs to separate from the dependency on the Middle East and take care of its own with alternate sources of energy. If we can develop rocket ships, why can't we build cars that don't run on gasoline? Other countries have done it, why can't we? Maybe because there's too much sneaky politics going on right under our noses?
What were the environmental concerns to drilling off the two coasts that caused the original ban?
That's why if Congress would open up off shore drilling, it would not go to us. It would be sold for the highest price on teh World Market. NEOCONS fail to see that.
What were the environmental concerns to drilling off the two coasts that caused the original ban?a fear that it would affect the marine life and the possiblity of an oil spill would ruin the beaches around the sitesindian recipes
Well he just lifted a ban the other week.
Fact of the matter is, we can drill environmentally safe and clean.
It won't solve all of energy problem, BUT IT WILL DEFINITELY HELP!
We need a mix of solutions to become energy independent.
Oil, alternative fuels, conservation.....
Only saying alternative fuels will solve the problem won't.What were the environmental concerns to drilling off the two coasts that caused the original ban?I can't give you any proof, but if someone knew how to access the info, I'm sure they'd find the ban was originally tied to political policies with the Middle East. They said, stop drilling for your own oil and buy ours or ELSE! The war is tied to oil, politics is tied to oil, our lives are tied to oil. Why do you think we're having such a hard time with this 'gas crisis'. The U.S. needs to separate from the dependency on the Middle East and take care of its own with alternate sources of energy. If we can develop rocket ships, why can't we build cars that don't run on gasoline? Other countries have done it, why can't we? Maybe because there's too much sneaky politics going on right under our noses?
What were the environmental concerns to drilling off the two coasts that caused the original ban?
That's why if Congress would open up off shore drilling, it would not go to us. It would be sold for the highest price on teh World Market. NEOCONS fail to see that.
What were the environmental concerns to drilling off the two coasts that caused the original ban?a fear that it would affect the marine life and the possiblity of an oil spill would ruin the beaches around the sites
Could I be an environmental engineer even though math is my weak point?
I'm a vegetarian and I love the environment. I would like to open some type of wildlife rehab clinic later on in life, but that takes money. So would environmental engineer be a good career for me? I love chemistry and science and doing experiments, but there is one major problem....Im bad at math! I do have one thing on my side however, if I set my mind on something for sure then I'm gonna do it no matter what, but I really dread math.Could I be an environmental engineer even though math is my weak point?yea its not that bad...really depends on the type of teacher you get.
I would say based on your interest.....environmental science or a natural resource major.
environmental engineering is more design based.
But you will have to be strong in math to pass any engineering majorCould I be an environmental engineer even though math is my weak point?Engineering is math oriented, but its not that BAD. The math is redundant, and from what I hear, the math is rather simple, as it becomes repetitive. Just do it, youll be fine.
Persevere and u can do anything, peace.
I would say based on your interest.....environmental science or a natural resource major.
environmental engineering is more design based.
But you will have to be strong in math to pass any engineering majorCould I be an environmental engineer even though math is my weak point?Engineering is math oriented, but its not that BAD. The math is redundant, and from what I hear, the math is rather simple, as it becomes repetitive. Just do it, youll be fine.
Persevere and u can do anything, peace.
To what extent do garden plants & trees absorb environmental toxins?
If there is leaking sewage from your neighbors, will your edible plants like lettace, rhubarb and fruit trees absorb the toxins and make you sick? And what is the effect of coal ashes, which have heavy metals? How do you know the food you buy is free of problems like this?To what extent do garden plants %26amp; trees absorb environmental toxins?Plants can absorb toxins and store them. That is why dissolved toxins are so dangerous. They can be spread with the water or through the fish and concentrated in carnivores higher up the food chain.
Sewage sludge and food safety as defined by federal regulations.
http://www.iatp.org/foodandhealth/showFi鈥?/a>
Many materials spayed on crops leave residual quantities in the soil for plants to take up. Not every non-organic crop ever becomes tainted with questionable chemicals but some do but there is no way to tell which ones.
http://www.faqs.org/nutrition/Foo-Hea/Fo鈥?/a>
The soils pH at 6.5 -7 has shown crop plants absorb less of the metals. Soil nutrients are most available at this pH so the plants will grow well.
http://books.google.com/books?id=gJhgCQF鈥?/a>
The best way to avoid worrying might be to create raised beds or convert the roof to support one of the roof top growing systems that are so popular in Europe. There are a few companies in the USA also. When you grow your own you know what went in the crop. This way you could enjoy fresh vegetables and can the extra. Home made chow chow is the best.
http://www.baylocalize.org/projects/roof鈥?/a>
http://www.greenroofs.com/
Inspiration page
http://www.ecogeek.org/content/view/902/
Sewage sludge and food safety as defined by federal regulations.
http://www.iatp.org/foodandhealth/showFi鈥?/a>
Many materials spayed on crops leave residual quantities in the soil for plants to take up. Not every non-organic crop ever becomes tainted with questionable chemicals but some do but there is no way to tell which ones.
http://www.faqs.org/nutrition/Foo-Hea/Fo鈥?/a>
The soils pH at 6.5 -7 has shown crop plants absorb less of the metals. Soil nutrients are most available at this pH so the plants will grow well.
http://books.google.com/books?id=gJhgCQF鈥?/a>
The best way to avoid worrying might be to create raised beds or convert the roof to support one of the roof top growing systems that are so popular in Europe. There are a few companies in the USA also. When you grow your own you know what went in the crop. This way you could enjoy fresh vegetables and can the extra. Home made chow chow is the best.
http://www.baylocalize.org/projects/roof鈥?/a>
http://www.greenroofs.com/
Inspiration page
http://www.ecogeek.org/content/view/902/
Is there latest news on Environmental Law?
I need to look for articles on current event Environmental Law and summarize it but the problem is that I cannot find anything. some help?Is there latest news on Environmental Law?You want to research something controversial try the "cap and trade bill"
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424鈥?/a>
http://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/10/鈥?/a>
http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2010/10/1鈥?/a>
PIs there latest news on Environmental Law?You can get lots of stories by typing "environmental law" (without the quotation marks) into the Add query field here:
http://newstimeline.googlelabs.com/Is there latest news on Environmental Law?Go to any state government website and search "environmental law".
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424鈥?/a>
http://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/10/鈥?/a>
http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2010/10/1鈥?/a>
PIs there latest news on Environmental Law?You can get lots of stories by typing "environmental law" (without the quotation marks) into the Add query field here:
http://newstimeline.googlelabs.com/Is there latest news on Environmental Law?Go to any state government website and search "environmental law".
Are people in Australia counting down the days till the Greens take full control of the senate? isn't it great?
I am so happy to end all of this corperate greed and capitalism which is the cause of all of our social problems and environmental problems in this country, lets have real equity and start caring more about social issues instead? what do you think, 6 weeks, yay! what do you think, pros and cons?Are people in Australia counting down the days till the Greens take full control of the senate? isn't it great?Which ever party you follow or vote for or is in government is irellevant.... it is the best country on the planet...we are governed by laws created in parliment... created by people that were elected to do a job....to have a law propersitioned.. n then discussed..in both houses of parliment b4 it becomes a law that we all should abide by ... it is a priveledge to walk beneath the southern cross..and an honour to be granted our freedoms by our fallen...OUR GREAT COUNTRY...allows our democracy...the more members...the better discussion...no use saying you dislike something afterwards.. if you havent spoken ... we do allow partitions..we do allow demonstrations...if you dont like the system ..tell me another better one ....or are you too narrow minded to step outside of the pre-drawn circle...vote for an independent or a green or a democratic...get more voices ...more discussion....better laws..better country..better life...for yourself...your great-great=great-great-grand kids...n the bunyips n cockatoos...Are people in Australia counting down the days till the Greens take full control of the senate? isn't it great?
Im not sure there are too many Australians counting down the days till the Greens take full control. Many would see their role as the same as the Democrats used to be - "to keep the bastards honest". I think its good for Governments (of what ever flavour) having to work hard to get their legislation through. If the distribution of seats in both houses are such that there is greater debate, then I am for that.Are people in Australia counting down the days till the Greens take full control of the senate? isn't it great?Megan , I think that even you don't believe that dumb statement but are just posting these same rants over %26amp; over again to get a reaction ...well , you've got one !
No , it isn't great ! It's a sad day for this country when a group of loonie radicals dressed up in green clothing get the power to implement their socialist policies %26amp; maybe change the character of our country ...Sad !Are people in Australia counting down the days till the Greens take full control of the senate? isn't it great?
Yep just what we need - the soviet socialist republic of Australia. Now that the communists .. er Greens have the upper house under their thumb. How long I wonder before the cultural revolution when chairman Brown sends us all to the countryside for fresh air and collective farming?Are people in Australia counting down the days till the Greens take full control of the senate? isn't it great?the greens are the Labour Party's lackeys having the greens in control of the senate would be no different from having Labor in control of the senateAre people in Australia counting down the days till the Greens take full control of the senate? isn't it great?
Nope, not me.
I believe that the only true wilderness is located between the ears of the Greens.Are people in Australia counting down the days till the Greens take full control of the senate? isn't it great?
That would be a disaster for this country
No, I don't think I've been counting..
Im not sure there are too many Australians counting down the days till the Greens take full control. Many would see their role as the same as the Democrats used to be - "to keep the bastards honest". I think its good for Governments (of what ever flavour) having to work hard to get their legislation through. If the distribution of seats in both houses are such that there is greater debate, then I am for that.Are people in Australia counting down the days till the Greens take full control of the senate? isn't it great?Megan , I think that even you don't believe that dumb statement but are just posting these same rants over %26amp; over again to get a reaction ...well , you've got one !
No , it isn't great ! It's a sad day for this country when a group of loonie radicals dressed up in green clothing get the power to implement their socialist policies %26amp; maybe change the character of our country ...Sad !Are people in Australia counting down the days till the Greens take full control of the senate? isn't it great?
Yep just what we need - the soviet socialist republic of Australia. Now that the communists .. er Greens have the upper house under their thumb. How long I wonder before the cultural revolution when chairman Brown sends us all to the countryside for fresh air and collective farming?Are people in Australia counting down the days till the Greens take full control of the senate? isn't it great?the greens are the Labour Party's lackeys having the greens in control of the senate would be no different from having Labor in control of the senateAre people in Australia counting down the days till the Greens take full control of the senate? isn't it great?
Nope, not me.
I believe that the only true wilderness is located between the ears of the Greens.Are people in Australia counting down the days till the Greens take full control of the senate? isn't it great?
That would be a disaster for this country
No, I don't think I've been counting..
How is air quality an environmental problem?
I just Googled
How is air quality an environmental problem
And sites came up, I suggest you do the same...
Peace and Blessingsthings to do in miami
How is air quality an environmental problem
And sites came up, I suggest you do the same...
Peace and Blessings
What are two environmental signs that there is a salinity problem in the area?
1. soil erosion....high/low salinity causes soil to fade away and erode
2. lack of plant life....if the salinity in the soil is imbalanced...plants won't grow....
2. lack of plant life....if the salinity in the soil is imbalanced...plants won't grow....
How do we solve the enormous problems confronting Humanity??
The earth is plagued today by grave problems ranging from nuclear weapons, environmental pollution, global warming effects, malnutrition, poverty, unemployment, hunger and starvation, terrorism etc. which are ready to engulf humanity within the jaws of death and disease
In view of these enormous problems confronting humankind, the World Constitution and Parliament Association (WCPA) has taken upon itself to give a direction to humanity and prepared a Constitution for the Federation of Earth (popularly called Earth Constitution
We need a critical mass for change
You reading this may be the butterfly wing in all this chaos who can change things around
The internet gives the individual enormous power
BUT!!!!!!!!!!! You and I must speak out and challenge the institutions who would take our power away from us
We ARE the CHANGE!!!
This is now the Individual in the collective and the collective in the indicidual
This is what the new era is!!How do we solve the enormous problems confronting Humanity??Science should begin to work with nature, not against it. We should also leave nature alone in many places, so it can heal itself. There is plenty here for all, but we have to be smart about how we divvy our resources. We should learn that the Earth and Sun are our primary power sources. We are intimately connected to both as part of our own bodies. Mother Nature is connected to the base of our spine, and we can draw energy from her. You won't notice this much if you stay indoors all the time and don't touch the ground with your bare feet. The human body is a remarkable machine, a conduit for Earthly, solar and cosmic energies. Our Sun is the source of much of the life on Earth.
Technology should become more sane, and not such a liability. It should function seamlessly, underneath the surface. A good idea is a simple, unmessy one, not a laborous, complex one. We don't need more rube goldberg machines, we need simple, workable solutions. The beauty of technology would then be in it's elegance, simplicity and unobtrusiveness.
We should understand that abundance leads to joy and health, and that poverty leads to sickness and death. This includes all areas, except when privacy is desired (certain matters should not be encroached upon).
Humans should dispose of the current religious paradigm and realize that all people are part of god, no matter what path they may follow. People should be more spiritual, and spirituality should be a private matter in many respects. One should not have to pay any money to receive god's love. Empowerment should be the goal.
Once humans are filled with love and energy they will be repaired and can begin to treat each other with kindness, tolerance and regard rather than indifference, apathy and violence. We can perform great miracles.
An Earth constitution sounds like a incredible idea.How do we solve the enormous problems confronting Humanity??
I am sorry to sound so definite in saying that we will never be able to solve the enormous problems that plague humanity. We are trying, but the mountain is insurmountable.How do we solve the enormous problems confronting Humanity??listen if we solve one problem there will be another
but one person isn't going to change poverty or the whole of the US for that matter because for someone to be come rich someone must be come poorHow do we solve the enormous problems confronting Humanity??
What you don't think W is up for the task?How do we solve the enormous problems confronting Humanity??Start handing out Bibles.
In view of these enormous problems confronting humankind, the World Constitution and Parliament Association (WCPA) has taken upon itself to give a direction to humanity and prepared a Constitution for the Federation of Earth (popularly called Earth Constitution
We need a critical mass for change
You reading this may be the butterfly wing in all this chaos who can change things around
The internet gives the individual enormous power
BUT!!!!!!!!!!! You and I must speak out and challenge the institutions who would take our power away from us
We ARE the CHANGE!!!
This is now the Individual in the collective and the collective in the indicidual
This is what the new era is!!How do we solve the enormous problems confronting Humanity??Science should begin to work with nature, not against it. We should also leave nature alone in many places, so it can heal itself. There is plenty here for all, but we have to be smart about how we divvy our resources. We should learn that the Earth and Sun are our primary power sources. We are intimately connected to both as part of our own bodies. Mother Nature is connected to the base of our spine, and we can draw energy from her. You won't notice this much if you stay indoors all the time and don't touch the ground with your bare feet. The human body is a remarkable machine, a conduit for Earthly, solar and cosmic energies. Our Sun is the source of much of the life on Earth.
Technology should become more sane, and not such a liability. It should function seamlessly, underneath the surface. A good idea is a simple, unmessy one, not a laborous, complex one. We don't need more rube goldberg machines, we need simple, workable solutions. The beauty of technology would then be in it's elegance, simplicity and unobtrusiveness.
We should understand that abundance leads to joy and health, and that poverty leads to sickness and death. This includes all areas, except when privacy is desired (certain matters should not be encroached upon).
Humans should dispose of the current religious paradigm and realize that all people are part of god, no matter what path they may follow. People should be more spiritual, and spirituality should be a private matter in many respects. One should not have to pay any money to receive god's love. Empowerment should be the goal.
Once humans are filled with love and energy they will be repaired and can begin to treat each other with kindness, tolerance and regard rather than indifference, apathy and violence. We can perform great miracles.
An Earth constitution sounds like a incredible idea.How do we solve the enormous problems confronting Humanity??
I am sorry to sound so definite in saying that we will never be able to solve the enormous problems that plague humanity. We are trying, but the mountain is insurmountable.How do we solve the enormous problems confronting Humanity??listen if we solve one problem there will be another
but one person isn't going to change poverty or the whole of the US for that matter because for someone to be come rich someone must be come poorHow do we solve the enormous problems confronting Humanity??
What you don't think W is up for the task?How do we solve the enormous problems confronting Humanity??Start handing out Bibles.
What divided Eastern and Western Europe after World War II?
Berlin Wall
Big Divide
Great Wall
Iron Curtain
True/False Western Europe is a world leader in environmental issues.
What is the status of environmental problems in Western Europe?
They are decreasing.
They are increasing.
They are not a concern.
There has been no change since the Industrial Revolution.
thank youWhat divided Eastern and Western Europe after World War II?The Iron Curtain.
True.
They are decreasing.What divided Eastern and Western Europe after World War II?Iron Curtain
true
decreasing
Big Divide
Great Wall
Iron Curtain
True/False Western Europe is a world leader in environmental issues.
What is the status of environmental problems in Western Europe?
They are decreasing.
They are increasing.
They are not a concern.
There has been no change since the Industrial Revolution.
thank youWhat divided Eastern and Western Europe after World War II?The Iron Curtain.
True.
They are decreasing.What divided Eastern and Western Europe after World War II?Iron Curtain
true
decreasing
Enviromental problems...?
I'm suppose to do this and it's really confussing could anyone help me with this??
Thanks...
First, conduct research on the Internet about trends and issues in handling environmental problems affecting business. You can obtain information about any of the following:
the cost to business associated with following environmental regulations
trends in handling environmental problems.
new environmental problems anticipated in the future
identify current jobs that are related to the environment (such as waste management and recycling)
I have to write a memo about one of these but I do not know how to find any of these threads could someone help please??Enviromental problems...?You could talk about the cost to auto makers with regard to California's zero-emission regulations, which I believe George W. ended up scratching. I'm no expert on the subject, but it should be fairly easy to google.
Thanks...
First, conduct research on the Internet about trends and issues in handling environmental problems affecting business. You can obtain information about any of the following:
the cost to business associated with following environmental regulations
trends in handling environmental problems.
new environmental problems anticipated in the future
identify current jobs that are related to the environment (such as waste management and recycling)
I have to write a memo about one of these but I do not know how to find any of these threads could someone help please??Enviromental problems...?You could talk about the cost to auto makers with regard to California's zero-emission regulations, which I believe George W. ended up scratching. I'm no expert on the subject, but it should be fairly easy to google.
Drawing on three of the following four activities鈥攕port hunting, scenic sightseeing, wilderness adventuring?
Drawing on three of the following four activities鈥攕port hunting, scenic sightseeing,
wilderness adventuring (hiking, camping, rafting, etc.), and suburban living鈥攁ssess
how Americans鈥?search for leisure has shaped the way they relate to the environment
from the nineteenth century on. How have leisure and recreational activities helped
foster concern for the environment and influenced environmental policy? On the
other hand, what environmental problems or dilemmas have these activities created?Drawing on three of the following four activities鈥攕port hunting, scenic sightseeing, wilderness adventuring?yea pretty much non of these have made any modern day impact expect you dont have Buffalo in your back yard but other than that there really is like no difference..i mean sight seeing isn't hurting anything in any way the others dont do anythingd3100
wilderness adventuring (hiking, camping, rafting, etc.), and suburban living鈥攁ssess
how Americans鈥?search for leisure has shaped the way they relate to the environment
from the nineteenth century on. How have leisure and recreational activities helped
foster concern for the environment and influenced environmental policy? On the
other hand, what environmental problems or dilemmas have these activities created?Drawing on three of the following four activities鈥攕port hunting, scenic sightseeing, wilderness adventuring?yea pretty much non of these have made any modern day impact expect you dont have Buffalo in your back yard but other than that there really is like no difference..i mean sight seeing isn't hurting anything in any way the others dont do anything
Environmental Idea Topics?
energy-related environmental problems that occurEnvironmental Idea Topics?Removal of an energy level from the energy pyramid. For example, take out plants. Plants are a major source of coal and other forms of energy. Plants are one of the more basic levels of the energy pyramid... removing those would throw a serious damper into the energy comsumption of other species. You could pose a theoretical world without plants and how that would affect human energy intake.
You could also study different sources of energy, which ones are more renewable, which are less.Environmental Idea Topics?well, you can write about energy use, what king of energy are used all around the world, which is best for our environment, cheapest ect. solar power, water, wind, nuclear ect :D
You could also study different sources of energy, which ones are more renewable, which are less.Environmental Idea Topics?well, you can write about energy use, what king of energy are used all around the world, which is best for our environment, cheapest ect. solar power, water, wind, nuclear ect :D
Does anyone know exactly what you do in environmental engineering?
i am thinking of becoming an environmental engineer but i want to know what they do exactly and if they get to invent things to solve problems in the environment like pollution.Does anyone know exactly what you do in environmental engineering?A few categories that come to mind are:
Water Supply or Pollution Control - for treating drinking water and processing wastewater
Landfills - liner design, leachate collection and treatment, methane extraction, cap design and closure sequencing
Wetlands - preservation or creation of wetlands, designing mitigation banks, river and stream restoration
The last one is definitely a growing field due to increasing governmental regulations.Does anyone know exactly what you do in environmental engineering?They deal with alot with like water treatment plants. They basically figure out with the science of how to create clean water for people to drink. That is why if you live in places like buffalo and if the water treatment plant is at like 50% capacity thats why you have to boil your water so it would be safe to drink it... You have to thank an environmental engineer for that.
You figure out also for industrial plants on how high they should make their smoke stacks so the pollution would diffuse out and everything. More along the lines if an industrial plant opens up what that effect would have on the surrounding environment have on an environment.
Another process you would work in is waste water treatment. Pretty much like water treatment but with waste. But typically they are the same thing.
You also might deal with landfills and the impact they have on a surrounding area and what to do with water run-off ect.
That is all I have and that is what I got out of my environmental engineering class.
Water Supply or Pollution Control - for treating drinking water and processing wastewater
Landfills - liner design, leachate collection and treatment, methane extraction, cap design and closure sequencing
Wetlands - preservation or creation of wetlands, designing mitigation banks, river and stream restoration
The last one is definitely a growing field due to increasing governmental regulations.Does anyone know exactly what you do in environmental engineering?They deal with alot with like water treatment plants. They basically figure out with the science of how to create clean water for people to drink. That is why if you live in places like buffalo and if the water treatment plant is at like 50% capacity thats why you have to boil your water so it would be safe to drink it... You have to thank an environmental engineer for that.
You figure out also for industrial plants on how high they should make their smoke stacks so the pollution would diffuse out and everything. More along the lines if an industrial plant opens up what that effect would have on the surrounding environment have on an environment.
Another process you would work in is waste water treatment. Pretty much like water treatment but with waste. But typically they are the same thing.
You also might deal with landfills and the impact they have on a surrounding area and what to do with water run-off ect.
That is all I have and that is what I got out of my environmental engineering class.
Does homeostasis exist in the environmental sense?
I need help doing bio 100. Im stuck on this question for homework. Thanks!
Does homeostasis exist in the environmental sense?
Can ethanol help us with maintaining environmental homeostasis? Why or why not?
Scientists know that corn is the most polluting crop we presently grow. It has the heaviest use of pesticides and herbicides which lead to greater air, land, and water pollution. So if we grow more corn for fuel, we will be polluting our environment in other ways. This is a problem. Are we trading one problem for another? What do you think we should do?Does homeostasis exist in the environmental sense?1) Homeostasis is the maintenance of stable *internal* conditions in animals so, there is no homeostasis in the environment. (I hope that this is what you were asking)
2)?
3) Get rid of all fuels and major pollutants
Does homeostasis exist in the environmental sense?
Can ethanol help us with maintaining environmental homeostasis? Why or why not?
Scientists know that corn is the most polluting crop we presently grow. It has the heaviest use of pesticides and herbicides which lead to greater air, land, and water pollution. So if we grow more corn for fuel, we will be polluting our environment in other ways. This is a problem. Are we trading one problem for another? What do you think we should do?Does homeostasis exist in the environmental sense?1) Homeostasis is the maintenance of stable *internal* conditions in animals so, there is no homeostasis in the environment. (I hope that this is what you were asking)
2)?
3) Get rid of all fuels and major pollutants
What are some really over-flowery words/phrases?
I need to write a letter for my Hummanities class, and the teacher wants us to use "formal" language.
Here's what I have so far:
This humble person, on behalf of ******* ***** College, would like to inform you of the available services and facilities in ******* and how this community could be improved through opinions of ******* residents. This humble person also aims to acquaint you with the environmental problems which ******* faces and how development in the area has affected the community.
What are some really flowery words/phrases I can use?What are some really over-flowery words/phrases?This savvy/honorable,energetic/scholar/
endeavoring
person/ under grad,on behalf of our prestigious/
Creme de la creme/Honorable/Elite/Ground breaking/Innovative/Academically Traditional
/Pro active thinking/Thought provoking/
Trailblazing College.
facilities in our home away from home/
academic hub/
improved through the opinions of our LEARNED/student/under grad residents.
This undergrad/scholar/von vi von/academic also
aims to acquaint you with the environmental
problems which OUR FUTURE/CONSUMERS
/POPULOUS/
FAMILIES/
ATOMIC FAMILIES faces and how development...
Humanities 1 m
Here's what I have so far:
This humble person, on behalf of ******* ***** College, would like to inform you of the available services and facilities in ******* and how this community could be improved through opinions of ******* residents. This humble person also aims to acquaint you with the environmental problems which ******* faces and how development in the area has affected the community.
What are some really flowery words/phrases I can use?What are some really over-flowery words/phrases?This savvy/honorable,energetic/scholar/
endeavoring
person/ under grad,on behalf of our prestigious/
Creme de la creme/Honorable/Elite/Ground breaking/Innovative/Academically Traditional
/Pro active thinking/Thought provoking/
Trailblazing College.
facilities in our home away from home/
academic hub/
improved through the opinions of our LEARNED/student/under grad residents.
This undergrad/scholar/von vi von/academic also
aims to acquaint you with the environmental
problems which OUR FUTURE/CONSUMERS
/POPULOUS/
FAMILIES/
ATOMIC FAMILIES faces and how development...
Humanities 1 m
What are some ideas that are simple to help combat global warming?
Global warming is not only one of the most threatening environmental problems, but one of the greatest challenges facing all of humanity. Danger signs are surfacing worldwide as temperatures increase (the last ten years have been the hottest years ever recorded causing glaciers and the polar ice caps to melt, coastal areas to flood and storms to become more severe). If left unchecked, global warming will continue to have a profound impact on our planet that will eventually cause catastrophic results. Fortunately, there are things each of us can do. Buildings -- including our homes -- are major contributors to greenhouse gases they鈥檙e responsible for up to 40% of all energy and resource use and approximately 1/3 of greenhouse gas emissions that cause global warming.What are some ideas that are simple to help combat global warming?Start a plague to kill 90% of human population, cutting us back to about 650 million. Then 80% of those will starve, leaving 130 million survivors, who can sensibly not repopulate the world, but keep the total under a half billion. That would stop global warming, especially if cars and trucks were replaced by feet and horsecarts.
The cause is too many people, people!!!What are some ideas that are simple to help combat global warming?global warming is fake its called seasons. Its a way for the government to make us pay more taxes for carbon footprints and all that fun stuff.What are some ideas that are simple to help combat global warming?Stop eating meat. The cattle industry produces more greenhouse gases than the entire transportation sector. Don't fly, aircraft are an extremely inefficient means of transportation. Green house gases are released high in the atmosphere where they do the most damage.What are some ideas that are simple to help combat global warming?
Stop politicians from pretending to be scientists. Too much hot air coming out of government buildings is causing global warming.monroe muffler
The cause is too many people, people!!!What are some ideas that are simple to help combat global warming?global warming is fake its called seasons. Its a way for the government to make us pay more taxes for carbon footprints and all that fun stuff.What are some ideas that are simple to help combat global warming?Stop eating meat. The cattle industry produces more greenhouse gases than the entire transportation sector. Don't fly, aircraft are an extremely inefficient means of transportation. Green house gases are released high in the atmosphere where they do the most damage.What are some ideas that are simple to help combat global warming?
Stop politicians from pretending to be scientists. Too much hot air coming out of government buildings is causing global warming.
Can you sum up China's environmental problem?
I'm reading through some articles on it but they are all very specific and I just can't get the "jist" of it.
Thanks :)Can you sum up China's environmental problem?I don't think man of action knows anything about America but he is correct about the use of China's plentiful coal supply as fuel. China is famous for many industrial products that all use coal as part of their process. Cars are now clogging the highways and power plants are built at a record pace. Every non-coastal city has bad polution problems now. Very scary.Can you sum up China's environmental problem?They burn coal for 70-80% of their energy needs. If you can imagine the enourmouty of this just think that the three gourges damn also produces energy, but less than 15%. If you've ever driven down the country-side roads you'll see the plastic bag issue. They produce hundreds of billions of plastic bags every year. As does america.
They have a lot of toxic wastes draining directly into the ocean and also groundwater. Literally 80% of their groundwater is so contaminated that it cannot be safely used.
Regulations are improving slowly, but the reality is, why should China have to pay high prices to use cleaner forms of industrialization and developement when the rest of the world didn't have to. America enjoyed destoying the environment at a benifit to the profits of corporations, why should China have to pay exorbitant fees to clean up their development?
Anyway, the coal burning and increasing numbers of cars on the road are making air conditions unbearable in many areas. Although they do a good job of recycling most things since the poorest of the unemployed search the streets and garbage cans around towns all day looking for every kind of recyclable material imaginable. That's a broad, general and naked eye summing up of the environmental problem in China. Don't quote the percentages.
EDIT: That's funny :0)Can you sum up China's environmental problem?Besides a growing industrial economy spewing all kinds of carbon pollutants in the air from the burning of fossil fuels, the most threatening environmental issue to China itself is desertifcation and soil erosion. Over a third of their land suffers from it. It is due to a poorly designed irrigation infrastructure under Chairman Mao's regime. The major concern is while soil erosion continues, available farming land declines and then, so does the food supply. Not good.
Thanks :)Can you sum up China's environmental problem?I don't think man of action knows anything about America but he is correct about the use of China's plentiful coal supply as fuel. China is famous for many industrial products that all use coal as part of their process. Cars are now clogging the highways and power plants are built at a record pace. Every non-coastal city has bad polution problems now. Very scary.Can you sum up China's environmental problem?They burn coal for 70-80% of their energy needs. If you can imagine the enourmouty of this just think that the three gourges damn also produces energy, but less than 15%. If you've ever driven down the country-side roads you'll see the plastic bag issue. They produce hundreds of billions of plastic bags every year. As does america.
They have a lot of toxic wastes draining directly into the ocean and also groundwater. Literally 80% of their groundwater is so contaminated that it cannot be safely used.
Regulations are improving slowly, but the reality is, why should China have to pay high prices to use cleaner forms of industrialization and developement when the rest of the world didn't have to. America enjoyed destoying the environment at a benifit to the profits of corporations, why should China have to pay exorbitant fees to clean up their development?
Anyway, the coal burning and increasing numbers of cars on the road are making air conditions unbearable in many areas. Although they do a good job of recycling most things since the poorest of the unemployed search the streets and garbage cans around towns all day looking for every kind of recyclable material imaginable. That's a broad, general and naked eye summing up of the environmental problem in China. Don't quote the percentages.
EDIT: That's funny :0)Can you sum up China's environmental problem?Besides a growing industrial economy spewing all kinds of carbon pollutants in the air from the burning of fossil fuels, the most threatening environmental issue to China itself is desertifcation and soil erosion. Over a third of their land suffers from it. It is due to a poorly designed irrigation infrastructure under Chairman Mao's regime. The major concern is while soil erosion continues, available farming land declines and then, so does the food supply. Not good.
Real Estate - Environmental Problem?
Hi There!
I am considering buying some land that use to belong to the Department of Defense. It appears there were some minor environmental concerns around 1999.
Here is my question: if I buy the property and someone later discovers a serious environmental problem, will I pay to clean it up?
Or will the owner which caused the problem be forced to clean it up?
I'm not looking for legal advice. Just a general idea how these things work.
Thanks!
RonReal Estate - Environmental Problem?The owner pays unless they can prove who did the contamination. It's risky, see a lawyer.Real Estate - Environmental Problem?Since the environmental problem is known and has been disclosed to you, you're buying the property knowing what you could potentially be getting in to so you would be the one who would have to pay for the clean up.
I am considering buying some land that use to belong to the Department of Defense. It appears there were some minor environmental concerns around 1999.
Here is my question: if I buy the property and someone later discovers a serious environmental problem, will I pay to clean it up?
Or will the owner which caused the problem be forced to clean it up?
I'm not looking for legal advice. Just a general idea how these things work.
Thanks!
RonReal Estate - Environmental Problem?The owner pays unless they can prove who did the contamination. It's risky, see a lawyer.Real Estate - Environmental Problem?Since the environmental problem is known and has been disclosed to you, you're buying the property knowing what you could potentially be getting in to so you would be the one who would have to pay for the clean up.
How do you deal with depression without taking medication?
has anyone here ever been really depressed due to continuous environmental problems that no matter how hard you try, you just cant resolve? if so, what coping mechanisms have you used which have helped you? medication is extremely addictive and im trying everything to avoid it. im not suicidal but i have been feeling depressed for a few years now.How do you deal with depression without taking medication?Distractions are the key to coping.
Also, just talking it out can help.
What I think would work the best is doing some sort of cognitive therapy. I've been doing it, and it helps. There are plenty of workbooks if you can't/don't want to see a therapist.How do you deal with depression without taking medication?
%26gt;"how do you deal with depression without taking medication?"
I guess that's up to the individual.
%26gt;"due to continuous environmental problems"
Not sure what you're referring to, can you be a little more specific?
%26gt;"medication is extremely addictive"
Antidepressants have side-effects, but they're not additive. Maybe you're mixing up antidepressants with certain type of sedatives and/or stimulants. Perhaps you should make an appointment with a professional, whomever you're getting your information from is practicing without a license and doesn't know what they're talking about. Also, your depression is clouding your judgment, which is a symptom of depression.How do you deal with depression without taking medication?When you get bored of Jesus, try music and writing and walking. When I get really depressed I either turn up the cheerful music really loudly, go for a walk (accompanied with cheerful music, naturally) or write a story. I have a few ongoing "novels" for when I'm feeling different ways. I find that what I write effects my mood dramatically (if it's happy, I become happier, if it's sad, I become more depressed, etc).
Now I might just be crazy. But that's what works for me. It's only a temporary fix, but it's not medication, and I believe it's quite healthy.How do you deal with depression without taking medication?
Jesus.How do you deal with depression without taking medication?I get down all the time! and its very common for people to get depressed.
Sometimes it can start off bieng about something really bad, then it can just carry on and you can end up getting down over nothing, you just wake up and feel like a pile or rubbish (thats me)
Its best to try and figure out what are your pick me ups. But also dont force yourself to do something you dont want to.
So if you feel like laying in bed for a day.. do it.. its fine., its only a probly if it starts to become a problem and you dont leave bed. And if your feeling ready to try a pick me up.. then just take a deep breath and get on with it... for example..
My pick me ups can be simple little things you can do around your house....
Having a shower.. washing my hair and self in something yummy smelling (bodyshop makes me feel alive!!)
Making yourself something tasty to eat, or buying sweets!
Make a to do list that you can start ticking things off..
(random.. but i like to clean sometimes, i think the feeling of acomplishing something and making something look good helps)
haha, dancing round your room naked...make ur self laugh...or i used to bounce on my bed to loud music
Decorate something, i usually put pictures up on my wall, im a photographer you see...
and last but not least.. a hobby.. something to get out of bed for...
As much as on the days i feel down i dont want to believe it.. your actually in control of your own mind and can create happyness if you just think positive thoughts.. (not as easy as it sounds, i know)
Well, hope something here will inspire you to be happier :)
Also, just talking it out can help.
What I think would work the best is doing some sort of cognitive therapy. I've been doing it, and it helps. There are plenty of workbooks if you can't/don't want to see a therapist.How do you deal with depression without taking medication?
%26gt;"how do you deal with depression without taking medication?"
I guess that's up to the individual.
%26gt;"due to continuous environmental problems"
Not sure what you're referring to, can you be a little more specific?
%26gt;"medication is extremely addictive"
Antidepressants have side-effects, but they're not additive. Maybe you're mixing up antidepressants with certain type of sedatives and/or stimulants. Perhaps you should make an appointment with a professional, whomever you're getting your information from is practicing without a license and doesn't know what they're talking about. Also, your depression is clouding your judgment, which is a symptom of depression.How do you deal with depression without taking medication?When you get bored of Jesus, try music and writing and walking. When I get really depressed I either turn up the cheerful music really loudly, go for a walk (accompanied with cheerful music, naturally) or write a story. I have a few ongoing "novels" for when I'm feeling different ways. I find that what I write effects my mood dramatically (if it's happy, I become happier, if it's sad, I become more depressed, etc).
Now I might just be crazy. But that's what works for me. It's only a temporary fix, but it's not medication, and I believe it's quite healthy.How do you deal with depression without taking medication?
Jesus.How do you deal with depression without taking medication?I get down all the time! and its very common for people to get depressed.
Sometimes it can start off bieng about something really bad, then it can just carry on and you can end up getting down over nothing, you just wake up and feel like a pile or rubbish (thats me)
Its best to try and figure out what are your pick me ups. But also dont force yourself to do something you dont want to.
So if you feel like laying in bed for a day.. do it.. its fine., its only a probly if it starts to become a problem and you dont leave bed. And if your feeling ready to try a pick me up.. then just take a deep breath and get on with it... for example..
My pick me ups can be simple little things you can do around your house....
Having a shower.. washing my hair and self in something yummy smelling (bodyshop makes me feel alive!!)
Making yourself something tasty to eat, or buying sweets!
Make a to do list that you can start ticking things off..
(random.. but i like to clean sometimes, i think the feeling of acomplishing something and making something look good helps)
haha, dancing round your room naked...make ur self laugh...or i used to bounce on my bed to loud music
Decorate something, i usually put pictures up on my wall, im a photographer you see...
and last but not least.. a hobby.. something to get out of bed for...
As much as on the days i feel down i dont want to believe it.. your actually in control of your own mind and can create happyness if you just think positive thoughts.. (not as easy as it sounds, i know)
Well, hope something here will inspire you to be happier :)
How do I write a thesis statement?
I am writing a research paper on a 'savanna' and I need help with the thesis statement. The things we are writing about are:
one on plant life, one on animal life, and one on the environmental problems being faced by the ecosystem.
If you could help that would be great! :) Please and thank youu?How do I write a thesis statement?Thesis is to state you opinion. After that you give a few supporting paragraphs to support you opinion. Good LuckHow do I write a thesis statement?
A thesis statement is a sentence that clearly states belief. There is no wavering in your statement, it is firm and leaves no room for questioning.
Ex: Pepsi is the best soda ever.
Or for your case,
Ex: The environment is in danger because of the ecosystem.How do I write a thesis statement?All you need to do is make a sentence with a specific feeling and a manageable subject. Just pick a topic then express how you fell about it in a sentence that is simple, strong, and to the point.How do I write a thesis statement?
I suggest you write your paper backwards.
Let's say, for example, that you are arguing the position that grass fires are actually necessary for the stability of the savanna environment.
Do your research first. Gather a lot of material supporting both sides of the argument. Get a lot of information about what the subject is (background, definitions). Based on what you have gathered, form your opinion.
Now you have your evidence. You can write your thesis statement to express your opinion and it will be supported by the eveidence you have gathered. What's more, you will be able to deal with the opposition by explaining away the flaws in their position because you have read their evidence as well.
A good thesis statement doesn't just express an opinion. It wouldn't be, "Grass fires are good." A good thesis statement should summarize your whole essay in one (or two) sentences. It would look like, "Grass fires serve a vital role in the life-cycle of the savanna because they recycle nutrients, control dominant plant species, and provide opportunities for a wider variety of faster-growing, but weaker, species to flourish briefly." Then the body of your paper will expand on what you have already promised your reader.
Notice how my thesis statement has changed from "stability" to "variety." That is why you write your thesis statement after you have had time to think about your material.How do I write a thesis statement?the thesis states the main point/goal of your paper, followed by the main points to be covered by the paper in the order that you are writing them
for example:
Savannas are very crucial for many kinds of organisms. Savannas are important in plant life and animal life, but are also having many environmental problems that are important to be knowledgeable about.
then your first body paragraph would be about plants, then second would be about animals, then third about problems.
haha i know that's not a very good thesis but it just shows how you would set it upHow do I write a thesis statement?
A thesis statement is the basis for your paper and is the statement you are going to prove in your writing, through references and examples or data and research.
An example would be "Human intervention has created the following problems in the savanna ecosystem: ________________" and you fill in the blank with the problems you think humans have caused in the savanna.
Then the rest of the paper is the backup for your statement where you prove your thesis.
one on plant life, one on animal life, and one on the environmental problems being faced by the ecosystem.
If you could help that would be great! :) Please and thank youu?How do I write a thesis statement?Thesis is to state you opinion. After that you give a few supporting paragraphs to support you opinion. Good LuckHow do I write a thesis statement?
A thesis statement is a sentence that clearly states belief. There is no wavering in your statement, it is firm and leaves no room for questioning.
Ex: Pepsi is the best soda ever.
Or for your case,
Ex: The environment is in danger because of the ecosystem.How do I write a thesis statement?All you need to do is make a sentence with a specific feeling and a manageable subject. Just pick a topic then express how you fell about it in a sentence that is simple, strong, and to the point.How do I write a thesis statement?
I suggest you write your paper backwards.
Let's say, for example, that you are arguing the position that grass fires are actually necessary for the stability of the savanna environment.
Do your research first. Gather a lot of material supporting both sides of the argument. Get a lot of information about what the subject is (background, definitions). Based on what you have gathered, form your opinion.
Now you have your evidence. You can write your thesis statement to express your opinion and it will be supported by the eveidence you have gathered. What's more, you will be able to deal with the opposition by explaining away the flaws in their position because you have read their evidence as well.
A good thesis statement doesn't just express an opinion. It wouldn't be, "Grass fires are good." A good thesis statement should summarize your whole essay in one (or two) sentences. It would look like, "Grass fires serve a vital role in the life-cycle of the savanna because they recycle nutrients, control dominant plant species, and provide opportunities for a wider variety of faster-growing, but weaker, species to flourish briefly." Then the body of your paper will expand on what you have already promised your reader.
Notice how my thesis statement has changed from "stability" to "variety." That is why you write your thesis statement after you have had time to think about your material.How do I write a thesis statement?the thesis states the main point/goal of your paper, followed by the main points to be covered by the paper in the order that you are writing them
for example:
Savannas are very crucial for many kinds of organisms. Savannas are important in plant life and animal life, but are also having many environmental problems that are important to be knowledgeable about.
then your first body paragraph would be about plants, then second would be about animals, then third about problems.
haha i know that's not a very good thesis but it just shows how you would set it upHow do I write a thesis statement?
A thesis statement is the basis for your paper and is the statement you are going to prove in your writing, through references and examples or data and research.
An example would be "Human intervention has created the following problems in the savanna ecosystem: ________________" and you fill in the blank with the problems you think humans have caused in the savanna.
Then the rest of the paper is the backup for your statement where you prove your thesis.
What are the hidden environmental costs of hybrid vehicles?
The Prius has been available worldwide since 2001. I'm told the battery has a life of 150K miles, so it won't be long before this "green" technology becomes so much toxic waste.
Will the Prius and like vehicles cause more problems than they purport to solve?What are the hidden environmental costs of hybrid vehicles?The only real issue is the battery, and that material is recyclable. My own hybrid has a NiMH battery; the nickel is valuable and can be re-used.What are the hidden environmental costs of hybrid vehicles?
10000What are the hidden environmental costs of hybrid vehicles?I think that the main issue with hybrids is that they give us a false sense of security. We should still be riding bikes/walking places and trying to develop a car that doesn't require any gasoline at all. However, they certainly aren't a bad thing.What are the hidden environmental costs of hybrid vehicles?
Batteries are recycled every day. Why would the batteries in a car become toxic waste?What are the hidden environmental costs of hybrid vehicles?If its a lead acis battery its toxic but they get recycled most of the time. Other battery technologies like NiMh are nontoxic and have longer life.What are the hidden environmental costs of hybrid vehicles?
Truly a valuable question, because many people think that if a car doesn't produce harmful exhausts, then it's absolutely flawless from the ecological point of view. But it is not so. For example, if you consider the hypothetical hydrogen powered car, it only produces water (if it doesn't burn engine oil). But to produce hydrogen you will need some initial energy, which will most probably be acquired by burning coal or petroleum. Hence dangerous exhausts will be produced not by your car, but by the suppliers of hydrogen.
So if your hybrid car utilizes environmentally safe batteries and allows you to burn less fuel, it is, in my opinion, the best solution available so far.What are the hidden environmental costs of hybrid vehicles?
I want to add that there ARE people who are working around the clock on making pollution free ways of producing hydrogen. This lady, Claudia, in Colorado, is using existing algae to produce it, and I'm sure there are others, too. No matter what, your question don't create an excuse to continue driving gasoline powered vehicles, and not at least try to create more eco friendly alternatives. But, not saying that you are one, there will always be negative cynics that always seem to look for excuse to continue to be ignorant jerks. I probably won't win a popularity contest with this statement, but I'm not looking to be popular, and adopt a popular opinion for popularity, with witty comments. I just can't stand negativ cynics. But, if your question is asked out of the continued concern for our environment, and a desire to help clean it, i beg for you pardon. Why don't you try to actually come UP with something that really is better for the environment? Don't kick attempts of trying to better it, but try to help improve things.bloons tower defense 2
Will the Prius and like vehicles cause more problems than they purport to solve?What are the hidden environmental costs of hybrid vehicles?The only real issue is the battery, and that material is recyclable. My own hybrid has a NiMH battery; the nickel is valuable and can be re-used.What are the hidden environmental costs of hybrid vehicles?
10000What are the hidden environmental costs of hybrid vehicles?I think that the main issue with hybrids is that they give us a false sense of security. We should still be riding bikes/walking places and trying to develop a car that doesn't require any gasoline at all. However, they certainly aren't a bad thing.What are the hidden environmental costs of hybrid vehicles?
Batteries are recycled every day. Why would the batteries in a car become toxic waste?What are the hidden environmental costs of hybrid vehicles?If its a lead acis battery its toxic but they get recycled most of the time. Other battery technologies like NiMh are nontoxic and have longer life.What are the hidden environmental costs of hybrid vehicles?
Truly a valuable question, because many people think that if a car doesn't produce harmful exhausts, then it's absolutely flawless from the ecological point of view. But it is not so. For example, if you consider the hypothetical hydrogen powered car, it only produces water (if it doesn't burn engine oil). But to produce hydrogen you will need some initial energy, which will most probably be acquired by burning coal or petroleum. Hence dangerous exhausts will be produced not by your car, but by the suppliers of hydrogen.
So if your hybrid car utilizes environmentally safe batteries and allows you to burn less fuel, it is, in my opinion, the best solution available so far.What are the hidden environmental costs of hybrid vehicles?
I want to add that there ARE people who are working around the clock on making pollution free ways of producing hydrogen. This lady, Claudia, in Colorado, is using existing algae to produce it, and I'm sure there are others, too. No matter what, your question don't create an excuse to continue driving gasoline powered vehicles, and not at least try to create more eco friendly alternatives. But, not saying that you are one, there will always be negative cynics that always seem to look for excuse to continue to be ignorant jerks. I probably won't win a popularity contest with this statement, but I'm not looking to be popular, and adopt a popular opinion for popularity, with witty comments. I just can't stand negativ cynics. But, if your question is asked out of the continued concern for our environment, and a desire to help clean it, i beg for you pardon. Why don't you try to actually come UP with something that really is better for the environment? Don't kick attempts of trying to better it, but try to help improve things.
Environmental Problem created by people in the biomes?
Out of the following list one problem created by people in each of the biomes
Tundra
Boreal forest
Temperate deciduous forest
GrasslandsEnvironmental Problem created by people in the biomes?Tundra - Global warming shifts this north
Boreal forest - Same, species usually kept south of this are moving in and disrupting.
Temperate deciduous forest - deforestation
Grasslands - salinity, especially if forest preceded it.
Tundra
Boreal forest
Temperate deciduous forest
GrasslandsEnvironmental Problem created by people in the biomes?Tundra - Global warming shifts this north
Boreal forest - Same, species usually kept south of this are moving in and disrupting.
Temperate deciduous forest - deforestation
Grasslands - salinity, especially if forest preceded it.
What is the true cause of climate change?
Billy:And the origin of everything is overpopulation, which, however, neither humanity nor the responsible scientists, authorities and governments want to accept as true.
The more humans there are, the bigger become the entire environmental problems of interpersonal relationships, humans living together, illnesses, epidemics and criminality as well as wrongdoing and wars, and so forth.
And what is resolved, and eventually implemented, regarding climate protection and so forth, ends in a farce because the responsible ones are so stupid that they cannot think into the future, consequently, they do not see that their resolved and perhaps implemented measures, are only a drop of water on an ever increasingly hot stone.
That is therefore so, because, in the time in which the measures eventually become reified, Earth's population increases by hundreds of millions again, and thereby naturally also all the problems, whereby the implemented measures to protect the environment already become worthless before they have even only begun.
All the responsible ones are too stupid and narrow-minded to recognize that help in regard to the protection of the environment can thereby only be provided when the resolved measures, or the measures yet to be resolved, for the protection of the environment and the protection of the climate, and so forth, are only useful in association with a regulation for a global halt to births.
But as long as this is not recognized and is not implemented, so climb the problems of the destruction of the environment, energy problems, illnesses, epidemics, criminality, wrongdoing, wars and family dramas, absent interpersonal relationships, race-hate, xenophobia, hate between and among humans and religious hatred and so forth.
In the same way, the general softening of the human also increases in regard to the quality of life and the alacrity regarding a willingness to work on anything worthwhile and lasting.
But overpopulation also brings with it, that the human's entire body suffers ever more from damage to its health, because it is ever more susceptible to it, and also, in regard to the inurement against suffering and illnesses, the human is ever softer and less capable of life, which often ends in cowardly suicide.
The quality of the affirmation of life sinks just as rapidly as also does the respect for life generally.
But the effects of overpopulation are also demonstrated by humans becoming ever more uneducated, and becoming addicted to evil vices, habits and degenerations, whereby the most common forms are especially alcohol, drugs, and excessive seeking of pleasure and craving for travel, as well as degenerated sexual cravings.
Parents ever more commonly leave their children undefended, allow them to starve and die of thirst, beat them to death, force them into prostitution or sell them, while in other families, conflict and strife, as well as battery and jealousy, rule between the marriage partners, which not seldom leads to the dissolution of the entire family through murder and homicide.
And still, ever more, only hate, profit-craving, strife, disharmony, bondage, vice, addiction, revenge and the like rule among the individual humans, among the peoples and even the entirety of humanity, because only few honestly concern themselves with love, peace, freedom, harmony and a valuable living-together for good interpersonal relationships and a creationally correct manner of living as well as for a good and deliberate evolution of the consciousness.
Out of that, it also results that for the majority of humankind, true love and friendship are only empty and worthless words, and yet only isolated humans are lovingly concerned about the wellbeing of their neighbor.
And what do the responsible ones of the governments do against all this evil? Nothing!
They only thirst after their high and far-overloaded stipends, however, undertake nothing valuable in order to discern the true facts of all the evil and to undertake anything truly effective to stop all the need and all the misery of humanity, as well as of nature, the environment, the climate and the planet.
They crank out only hollow and empty words, let their own life be a good one - and don't concern themselves even so much as a pinch of filth about all the countless problems.
billy meierWhat is the true cause of climate change?Bogus computer models feed faked data. That is why none of the forecast of global warming are coming true and the globe is actually cooling.What is the true cause of climate change?
The true cause of Climate Change is Greed, Alarmists created/invented the problem because of Greed.What is the true cause of climate change?Nature! The world has had climate changes for thousands of years. This golbal warming farce, is just something to make Al Gore money and make him look at least a little importent.What is the true cause of climate change?
Great industrial countries...What is the true cause of climate change?Al Gore and some other con men creating a new scam to make millions of dollars for themselves.
Nature.What is the true cause of climate change?
A huge ball of fire called the Sun.
This is the truth.
The Sun and MoonWhat is the true cause of climate change?
FARTS
I don't know billy meier nor want to. It was a load of crap. There is something weird about those who think they are not a member of our species but somehow above it all. They think they can look and judge the world and people. I notice they never voluntarily eliminate themselves from this overcrowded world. They see everything through a negative light. Everyone is a victim or a monster. Instead of seeing the good in humanity, they pretend there is only misery.
Humans are wonderful creatures. We have a myriad adaptations which make us very special. We are the smartest and most intelligent. We are also giving, loving, and wise, not always but mostly. My family isn't anything like the monsters that he paints. Presumably his are and so I feel sorry for him but more than that, I feel disgust.
Since the beginning of time climate has always changed, like in, Spring, Summer, Fall and Winter.
The concept "Climate Change" is meant to confuse and mislead others into thinking it is the same as "Global Warmin", to use their colloquialism. Given that they ask about something little children know, you will be forgiven for thinking they mean to distract a serious matter into trivial nonsense. Ignore them, in time they will either learn or die off, hopefully without offspring, it might be genetic.
Climate change is a reality of life. It has always been with us. Ignoring such facts is foolishness.
The influences are many. Composition of the atmosphere is only one. Solar energy output fluctuates. We are living during a period that is neither warmer nor cooler than any on record.
Does mankind influence climate?
I believe it would be foolish to discount that likely factor. Can we reduce our influence? Probably.
Should we? That is another issue. Too often I've seen actions taken that made a situation worse. Unintended consequences are more likely than a good outcome. The complexity of the issue leads me to believe we should reduce all forms of pollution as much as we can and encourage those with the appropriate abilities to continue research in this matter until actual proof of the reality of the problem becomes available.
Most evidence indicates it is more of a political issue and a grab for power than it is an issue of safety or an influencing factor related to the health of all mankind. We live better when it is warm than when it is cold. We can't grow food on a glacier. Ice ages last a LOT longer than the warm periods, so regulating the environment should someday get to be a routine activity, but for now, it would be an exercise in foolishness.
"nor the responsible scientists"
Sorry, are you suggesting scientists are responsible for overpopulation, scientists have been warning for years that we are moving towards the point where population will reach limits for resources especially food and water.
Deniers on this site seem to think if they reference Malthus they have some how proved a clever point, when all they have really done is show their own scientific illiteracy. The man died almost 200 years ago log before mechanisation dramatically increased food production. A simple look at human population shows that for most of our history our numbers have been fairly low
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co鈥?/a>
In just the last two centuries as medical knowledge and food production have greatly increased so has the population more than six fold. I think Malthis and later versions of his theory were only wrong in when this would happen, deniers try to twist statements into their pet nonsense about Govt control and euthanasia when all that is really required is common sense and self control.
the protection of the environment and the protection of the climate, and so forth, are only useful in association with a regulation for a global halt to births.
But as long as this is not recognized and is not implemented, so climb the problems of the destruction of the environment, energy problems, illnesses, epidemics, criminality, wrongdoing, wars and family dramas, absent interpersonal relationships
Climate change is a long-term change in the statistical distribution of weather conditions over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. May be a change in mean climate or a change in the distribution of time compared to an average, for example, more or less extreme weather events. Climate change may be limited to a specific region, or it may occur throughout the earth.
Some of the cause of climate change are as following :
* Atmospheric carbon dioxide variations.
* Variations in the Earth's orbital characteristics.
* Variations in solar output.
* Volcanic eruptions
I agree about overpopulation. Almost every environmental and human problem is made worse by overpopulation. Now what the Hell is up with people denying Global Warming?! The Earth isn't overall cooling. The cold water from the ice caps are making the planet cooler for a little while, slowing climate change, but it'll end some day. Our CO2 emissions are still having an effect and as for why the projections of heating aren't coming: As I said, it's about the cold ice-water which they didn't take into account. The satellites still show pictures of the ice receding and you deny that? Come on, get off your butts and help change. Why is it so hard for people to change some habits? Do you WANT to see thousands of species go extinct? You want to see more wars, flooding, tornadoes, more people dying of starvation and disease? Or do you want to prevent catastrophe and reverse our damage? Please people, look at the rest of the world. Hell, firemen and people in the icy areas understand GW firsthand. Why can't you?
Politics. There's a lot of political capital in convincing the voters that "Climate Change is the greatest moral challenge of our time." If it didn't exist politicians would have to make it up. Actually Al Gore has already done that, and his "Big Lie" has legs - who would have thought it would go this far?
The existence and technological development of mankind on this planet, period. Want to see a valid, economically viable method for "bioremediation" not geoengineering? Search for "The 5 Cornerstones" add the term "algae" next to it. Hint: #1 is Algae based biofuels.
The more humans there are, the bigger become the entire environmental problems of interpersonal relationships, humans living together, illnesses, epidemics and criminality as well as wrongdoing and wars, and so forth.
And what is resolved, and eventually implemented, regarding climate protection and so forth, ends in a farce because the responsible ones are so stupid that they cannot think into the future, consequently, they do not see that their resolved and perhaps implemented measures, are only a drop of water on an ever increasingly hot stone.
That is therefore so, because, in the time in which the measures eventually become reified, Earth's population increases by hundreds of millions again, and thereby naturally also all the problems, whereby the implemented measures to protect the environment already become worthless before they have even only begun.
All the responsible ones are too stupid and narrow-minded to recognize that help in regard to the protection of the environment can thereby only be provided when the resolved measures, or the measures yet to be resolved, for the protection of the environment and the protection of the climate, and so forth, are only useful in association with a regulation for a global halt to births.
But as long as this is not recognized and is not implemented, so climb the problems of the destruction of the environment, energy problems, illnesses, epidemics, criminality, wrongdoing, wars and family dramas, absent interpersonal relationships, race-hate, xenophobia, hate between and among humans and religious hatred and so forth.
In the same way, the general softening of the human also increases in regard to the quality of life and the alacrity regarding a willingness to work on anything worthwhile and lasting.
But overpopulation also brings with it, that the human's entire body suffers ever more from damage to its health, because it is ever more susceptible to it, and also, in regard to the inurement against suffering and illnesses, the human is ever softer and less capable of life, which often ends in cowardly suicide.
The quality of the affirmation of life sinks just as rapidly as also does the respect for life generally.
But the effects of overpopulation are also demonstrated by humans becoming ever more uneducated, and becoming addicted to evil vices, habits and degenerations, whereby the most common forms are especially alcohol, drugs, and excessive seeking of pleasure and craving for travel, as well as degenerated sexual cravings.
Parents ever more commonly leave their children undefended, allow them to starve and die of thirst, beat them to death, force them into prostitution or sell them, while in other families, conflict and strife, as well as battery and jealousy, rule between the marriage partners, which not seldom leads to the dissolution of the entire family through murder and homicide.
And still, ever more, only hate, profit-craving, strife, disharmony, bondage, vice, addiction, revenge and the like rule among the individual humans, among the peoples and even the entirety of humanity, because only few honestly concern themselves with love, peace, freedom, harmony and a valuable living-together for good interpersonal relationships and a creationally correct manner of living as well as for a good and deliberate evolution of the consciousness.
Out of that, it also results that for the majority of humankind, true love and friendship are only empty and worthless words, and yet only isolated humans are lovingly concerned about the wellbeing of their neighbor.
And what do the responsible ones of the governments do against all this evil? Nothing!
They only thirst after their high and far-overloaded stipends, however, undertake nothing valuable in order to discern the true facts of all the evil and to undertake anything truly effective to stop all the need and all the misery of humanity, as well as of nature, the environment, the climate and the planet.
They crank out only hollow and empty words, let their own life be a good one - and don't concern themselves even so much as a pinch of filth about all the countless problems.
billy meierWhat is the true cause of climate change?Bogus computer models feed faked data. That is why none of the forecast of global warming are coming true and the globe is actually cooling.What is the true cause of climate change?
The true cause of Climate Change is Greed, Alarmists created/invented the problem because of Greed.What is the true cause of climate change?Nature! The world has had climate changes for thousands of years. This golbal warming farce, is just something to make Al Gore money and make him look at least a little importent.What is the true cause of climate change?
Great industrial countries...What is the true cause of climate change?Al Gore and some other con men creating a new scam to make millions of dollars for themselves.
Nature.What is the true cause of climate change?
A huge ball of fire called the Sun.
This is the truth.
The Sun and MoonWhat is the true cause of climate change?
FARTS
I don't know billy meier nor want to. It was a load of crap. There is something weird about those who think they are not a member of our species but somehow above it all. They think they can look and judge the world and people. I notice they never voluntarily eliminate themselves from this overcrowded world. They see everything through a negative light. Everyone is a victim or a monster. Instead of seeing the good in humanity, they pretend there is only misery.
Humans are wonderful creatures. We have a myriad adaptations which make us very special. We are the smartest and most intelligent. We are also giving, loving, and wise, not always but mostly. My family isn't anything like the monsters that he paints. Presumably his are and so I feel sorry for him but more than that, I feel disgust.
Since the beginning of time climate has always changed, like in, Spring, Summer, Fall and Winter.
The concept "Climate Change" is meant to confuse and mislead others into thinking it is the same as "Global Warmin", to use their colloquialism. Given that they ask about something little children know, you will be forgiven for thinking they mean to distract a serious matter into trivial nonsense. Ignore them, in time they will either learn or die off, hopefully without offspring, it might be genetic.
Climate change is a reality of life. It has always been with us. Ignoring such facts is foolishness.
The influences are many. Composition of the atmosphere is only one. Solar energy output fluctuates. We are living during a period that is neither warmer nor cooler than any on record.
Does mankind influence climate?
I believe it would be foolish to discount that likely factor. Can we reduce our influence? Probably.
Should we? That is another issue. Too often I've seen actions taken that made a situation worse. Unintended consequences are more likely than a good outcome. The complexity of the issue leads me to believe we should reduce all forms of pollution as much as we can and encourage those with the appropriate abilities to continue research in this matter until actual proof of the reality of the problem becomes available.
Most evidence indicates it is more of a political issue and a grab for power than it is an issue of safety or an influencing factor related to the health of all mankind. We live better when it is warm than when it is cold. We can't grow food on a glacier. Ice ages last a LOT longer than the warm periods, so regulating the environment should someday get to be a routine activity, but for now, it would be an exercise in foolishness.
"nor the responsible scientists"
Sorry, are you suggesting scientists are responsible for overpopulation, scientists have been warning for years that we are moving towards the point where population will reach limits for resources especially food and water.
Deniers on this site seem to think if they reference Malthus they have some how proved a clever point, when all they have really done is show their own scientific illiteracy. The man died almost 200 years ago log before mechanisation dramatically increased food production. A simple look at human population shows that for most of our history our numbers have been fairly low
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co鈥?/a>
In just the last two centuries as medical knowledge and food production have greatly increased so has the population more than six fold. I think Malthis and later versions of his theory were only wrong in when this would happen, deniers try to twist statements into their pet nonsense about Govt control and euthanasia when all that is really required is common sense and self control.
the protection of the environment and the protection of the climate, and so forth, are only useful in association with a regulation for a global halt to births.
But as long as this is not recognized and is not implemented, so climb the problems of the destruction of the environment, energy problems, illnesses, epidemics, criminality, wrongdoing, wars and family dramas, absent interpersonal relationships
Climate change is a long-term change in the statistical distribution of weather conditions over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. May be a change in mean climate or a change in the distribution of time compared to an average, for example, more or less extreme weather events. Climate change may be limited to a specific region, or it may occur throughout the earth.
Some of the cause of climate change are as following :
* Atmospheric carbon dioxide variations.
* Variations in the Earth's orbital characteristics.
* Variations in solar output.
* Volcanic eruptions
I agree about overpopulation. Almost every environmental and human problem is made worse by overpopulation. Now what the Hell is up with people denying Global Warming?! The Earth isn't overall cooling. The cold water from the ice caps are making the planet cooler for a little while, slowing climate change, but it'll end some day. Our CO2 emissions are still having an effect and as for why the projections of heating aren't coming: As I said, it's about the cold ice-water which they didn't take into account. The satellites still show pictures of the ice receding and you deny that? Come on, get off your butts and help change. Why is it so hard for people to change some habits? Do you WANT to see thousands of species go extinct? You want to see more wars, flooding, tornadoes, more people dying of starvation and disease? Or do you want to prevent catastrophe and reverse our damage? Please people, look at the rest of the world. Hell, firemen and people in the icy areas understand GW firsthand. Why can't you?
Politics. There's a lot of political capital in convincing the voters that "Climate Change is the greatest moral challenge of our time." If it didn't exist politicians would have to make it up. Actually Al Gore has already done that, and his "Big Lie" has legs - who would have thought it would go this far?
The existence and technological development of mankind on this planet, period. Want to see a valid, economically viable method for "bioremediation" not geoengineering? Search for "The 5 Cornerstones" add the term "algae" next to it. Hint: #1 is Algae based biofuels.
What are some interest groups for farming/agriculture?
I'm doing a government project. I'm having some troubles, Could someone help me?
These are the principles our group stands for :
-more regulation over industries
could cause environmental problems
-Family farmers supply clean food supply
-Farmers feed us
-For more crops
-For renewable energy
I need some interest groups that support these things.
and we also are against industries because they cram animals together in small places and that creates problems, while Farmers don't do thatWhat are some interest groups for farming/agriculture?Groups that come to mind:
PETA (people for the ethical treatment of animals)
Organic growers groups (there are a number of these, mostly local county based)
http://www.ota.com/organic_and_you/10rea鈥?/a>
Renewable fuels association (http://www.ethanolrfa.org/)
good luck.What are some interest groups for farming/agriculture?In the UK we have things like campaign for the farmed environment, environmental stewardship, the Chicken out campaign - which is aimed at stopping battery chicken housing..
the red tractor is a buy british one, ie to support UK farmers over others. the soil association looks at organicsWhat are some interest groups for farming/agriculture?Anything that regulates commercial agriculture will make it less productive, requiring more fossil fuels to produce it, and taking more land to produce the same amount of food.
Have you really thought this through? Look at all sides of the issue, not just one biased position.What are some interest groups for farming/agriculture?
http://usain.org/InterestGroups/internat鈥?/a>
These are the principles our group stands for :
-more regulation over industries
could cause environmental problems
-Family farmers supply clean food supply
-Farmers feed us
-For more crops
-For renewable energy
I need some interest groups that support these things.
and we also are against industries because they cram animals together in small places and that creates problems, while Farmers don't do thatWhat are some interest groups for farming/agriculture?Groups that come to mind:
PETA (people for the ethical treatment of animals)
Organic growers groups (there are a number of these, mostly local county based)
http://www.ota.com/organic_and_you/10rea鈥?/a>
Renewable fuels association (http://www.ethanolrfa.org/)
good luck.What are some interest groups for farming/agriculture?In the UK we have things like campaign for the farmed environment, environmental stewardship, the Chicken out campaign - which is aimed at stopping battery chicken housing..
the red tractor is a buy british one, ie to support UK farmers over others. the soil association looks at organicsWhat are some interest groups for farming/agriculture?Anything that regulates commercial agriculture will make it less productive, requiring more fossil fuels to produce it, and taking more land to produce the same amount of food.
Have you really thought this through? Look at all sides of the issue, not just one biased position.What are some interest groups for farming/agriculture?
http://usain.org/InterestGroups/internat鈥?/a>
Why environmental issues are a serious problem for the people of Sub-Saharan Africa?
A) almost all of their food is imported
B) they depend upon the land for their livelihoods
C) they supply the world with coal
D) tourism is decliningWhy environmental issues are a serious problem for the people of Sub-Saharan Africa?They have over bred and thus over populated the place where they live. The environment can no longer provide for the huge numbers trying to live there. So disease and starvation will rise up to correct the problem.
B) they depend upon the land for their livelihoods
C) they supply the world with coal
D) tourism is decliningWhy environmental issues are a serious problem for the people of Sub-Saharan Africa?They have over bred and thus over populated the place where they live. The environment can no longer provide for the huge numbers trying to live there. So disease and starvation will rise up to correct the problem.
What are some interest groups for farming/agriculture?
I'm doing a government project. I'm having some troubles, Could someone help me?
These are the principles our group stands for :
-more regulation over industries
could cause environmental problems
-Family farmers supply clean food supply
-Farmers feed us
-For more crops
-For renewable energy
I need some interest groups that support these things.
and we also are against industries because they cram animals together in small places and that creates problems, while Farmers don't do thatWhat are some interest groups for farming/agriculture?http://organicconsumers.org
http://www.localharvest.org
http://www.rodaleinstitute.org
http://www.attra.orgshop bop
These are the principles our group stands for :
-more regulation over industries
could cause environmental problems
-Family farmers supply clean food supply
-Farmers feed us
-For more crops
-For renewable energy
I need some interest groups that support these things.
and we also are against industries because they cram animals together in small places and that creates problems, while Farmers don't do thatWhat are some interest groups for farming/agriculture?http://organicconsumers.org
http://www.localharvest.org
http://www.rodaleinstitute.org
http://www.attra.org
How are the solutions to poverty and environmental changes similar?
Are these two problems similar? Are the solutions to these two problems similar?
Thank you!How are the solutions to poverty and environmental changes similar?No... We all going to crash in a ******' crash!!!!!How are the solutions to poverty and environmental changes similar?Well, both are bad before the solutions are made. Once the solutions are made, then they're both a good concept. (This was a very basic answer)How are the solutions to poverty and environmental changes similar?They are both attempts to thwart the laws of economics by wishful thinking.
Thank you!How are the solutions to poverty and environmental changes similar?No... We all going to crash in a ******' crash!!!!!How are the solutions to poverty and environmental changes similar?Well, both are bad before the solutions are made. Once the solutions are made, then they're both a good concept. (This was a very basic answer)How are the solutions to poverty and environmental changes similar?They are both attempts to thwart the laws of economics by wishful thinking.
Masters in Environmental Engineering without Bachelors?
Hi everyone,
I am an undergraduate majoring in a liberal arts major. I had an epiphany about my future career and would like to pursue a masters in environmental engineering. The problem is I do not have an undergrad engineering major and I have not taken most of the prerequisite engineering courses.
Are there any masters programs in env. eng. or civil eng. that allow students to take prerequisite engineering courses before getting the masters? I strongly do not want to repeat 4 more years of undergrad since I have no need to take all the useless electives. Maybe there is some kind of ABET accredited certificate program?Masters in Environmental Engineering without Bachelors?Sorry to tell you this but if you want to pursue a masters in environmental engineering, you'll need to change majors so you can earn a bachelors engineering degree which may require a couple extra years of study. Any engineering masters degree program will require that you have a engineering bachelors degree. You won't have to retake elective classes (english, history etc) but you will need the full gamut of engineering classes (fluid dynamics, various chemistry classes, circuits, physics, differential equations, calculus, thermodynamics, etc). Masters degree level engineering requires that you understand basic engineering topics so you can build on that information.
If you are interested in environmental work, you might look into an environmental studies program. Those programs tend to be less engineering and more general science mixed with environmental topics and issues.
I am an undergraduate majoring in a liberal arts major. I had an epiphany about my future career and would like to pursue a masters in environmental engineering. The problem is I do not have an undergrad engineering major and I have not taken most of the prerequisite engineering courses.
Are there any masters programs in env. eng. or civil eng. that allow students to take prerequisite engineering courses before getting the masters? I strongly do not want to repeat 4 more years of undergrad since I have no need to take all the useless electives. Maybe there is some kind of ABET accredited certificate program?Masters in Environmental Engineering without Bachelors?Sorry to tell you this but if you want to pursue a masters in environmental engineering, you'll need to change majors so you can earn a bachelors engineering degree which may require a couple extra years of study. Any engineering masters degree program will require that you have a engineering bachelors degree. You won't have to retake elective classes (english, history etc) but you will need the full gamut of engineering classes (fluid dynamics, various chemistry classes, circuits, physics, differential equations, calculus, thermodynamics, etc). Masters degree level engineering requires that you understand basic engineering topics so you can build on that information.
If you are interested in environmental work, you might look into an environmental studies program. Those programs tend to be less engineering and more general science mixed with environmental topics and issues.
Are we too smart or not smart enough to learn how to agree with each other?
I wonder many times why humanity is so often in a state of chaos. Wars, environmental problems, energy sources, famine, and all the rest should be looked at as things that affect EVERYONE on Earth. Not just a few "them and us."
It seems to me that we seldom get to a point of thinking about the "common good." So are we not intelligent enough to find solutions? Or is our species SO smart that the needs of those around us seem insignificant?Are we too smart or not smart enough to learn how to agree with each other?Definately not smart enough. We mistake our ability to win over a stiuation as actual skill, which leads to arrogance and a feeling of 'higher intelligence', I guess you could say. We never try to find a common good for all people, just the ones who affect our everday lives.
[x]melanieinuyashaAre we too smart or not smart enough to learn how to agree with each other?It's all about ego. Drop that and the bullroar ceases.Are we too smart or not smart enough to learn how to agree with each other?Far less intelligent than in the past.Controlled mass media boosts our ego to control us.Dumbed-down people have no will or rembrance of the past to fight elitism.
It seems to me that we seldom get to a point of thinking about the "common good." So are we not intelligent enough to find solutions? Or is our species SO smart that the needs of those around us seem insignificant?Are we too smart or not smart enough to learn how to agree with each other?Definately not smart enough. We mistake our ability to win over a stiuation as actual skill, which leads to arrogance and a feeling of 'higher intelligence', I guess you could say. We never try to find a common good for all people, just the ones who affect our everday lives.
[x]melanieinuyashaAre we too smart or not smart enough to learn how to agree with each other?It's all about ego. Drop that and the bullroar ceases.Are we too smart or not smart enough to learn how to agree with each other?Far less intelligent than in the past.Controlled mass media boosts our ego to control us.Dumbed-down people have no will or rembrance of the past to fight elitism.
Can anyone explain the finer points of evolution?
I understand "broad-brush" descriptions of evolution such as "survival of the fittest" and "the selfish gene", but can anyone explain the finer points? It seems to me that serious environmental problems are required to "wipe out" "the unfit", and perhaps selection of a mate by one or both partners could have something to do with species evolution. Am I right? And/or are there other mechanisms in play?Can anyone explain the finer points of evolution?A few key points:
* Don't ever forget that evolution just means *change*. It does not have to mean "change into a new species" ... even minor change is evolution ... and a lot of minor change produces major change.
* "Survival of the fittest" is a very loose description of natural selection ... but be careful. The point is not just *survival* of the fittest, but *reproduction* of the fittest. Sometimes the guy who doesn't live as long can reproduce *more* ... e.g. with the male praying mantis, or black widow, mating means certain death.
* That answers your question about mating. The male peacock's tail may be a *detriment* to survival (it certainly makes him easy pickings for predators), but if it provides an advantage to *reproduction* (because females pick the guy with the hottest tail package) then he wins. That's called 'sexual selection.'
* Serious environmental problems are NOT necessary to "wipe out" the "unfit". All that matters is that they do not compete as well with the "more fit" ... and gradually, generation after generation, they get weeded out.
* The term "fit" or "unfit" is always *relative to environment*. A change in environment, or moving into a new environment, can change what is "fit" or "unfit".
* Don't ever forget that natural selection is about competition between members of the *same species* ... not about competition *between species*. That's why there are no "super-antelopes." To survive, an antelope doesn't have to be able to outrun a lion ... it only has to outrun the other antelopes.
* There are *two* main mechanisms for evolution ... selection (usually called natural selection, but sexual selection and artificial selection also fall under this category) ... and genetic drift. Genetic drift is where genes become more or less frequent in the population by just random matings, not because there is any advantage or disadvantage. For example, recessive alleles may have no effect at all on the carrier in most cases, but they can spread slowly into the population until carriers start mating and produce offspring with a double dose ... and they are affected. This is how even harmful alleles can survive in a population for hundreds of generations ... or potentially advantageous alleles can go unnoticed for centuries, and then suddenly burst forth as carriers start mating and the advantaged offspring outcompete everyone else.
* It is important to understand *branching* ... why a species will split into two species (called speciation). In a nutshell,
evolution + isolation + time = speciation
I.e. if a population is separated into two reproductively isolated populations, then with enough time, the two populations will accumulate enough evolutionary change that they lose the ability to interbreed ... they have become two species. Once this happens, they are *forever* separate branches of evolution and will continue to get more and more different.
* The *pace* of evolution is an interesting part of research and debate. The concept of Punctuated Equilibrium holds that life can go through long periods of relatively minor, almost unnoticeable change ('equilibrium') interrupted ('punctuated') by periods of rapid evolution and production of new species, or even new *types* of species.Can anyone explain the finer points of evolution?
Asker ... did this, or any of the other answers below ... answer your question?
Also selection of a mate does have to do with evolution. An animal with a darker color may get chosen as a mate because it is more fit to survive as seen by its darker color which is evidence if eat well.
There are many mechanisms at play for evolution. Mutations drive the whole thing. A big concept is populations evolve not individuals.Can anyone explain the finer points of evolution?
I think you pretty much have it nailed.
'Characteristics' and Mutations that lead to the death of a species get deselected. Those that see the species prosper get selected.
At its most base. Men like women who have large boobs and nice asses (child bearing hips) because men are 'programmed' to be attracted to women who will be able to bear children. Those men attracted to other womens shapes are rare because they died out generations ago.
The reverse is true. Women like men with big muscles and big d*cks. As they are likely to be able to produce children and protect the family. Again those women who prefer the opposite, are rare.Can anyone explain the finer points of evolution?Fitness is a relative thing, in any generation of any species some individuals will have higher fitness than others - in general these will be the ones who go on to have offspring and then pass their genes on. Individuals with lower fitness may have reduced survival or just reduced reproduction, either way they don't contribute to the next generation. For example, the survival rate to the age of 1 year is very low in many animals, only the fittest make it even to this stage.
There are other processes at work - there is always an element of randomness in the system, an individual with high fitness might end up dying from an injury for example. In very small populations, less fit individuals are more likely to breed than in large ones and a process called genetic drift becomes dominant over selection. This is a process which is rather random.
Mate selection, called sexual selection, is different from but mirrors natural selection. Females (usually) choose on the basis of physical characters which should related to the male's fitness - for example better male peacocks grow better tails and the females choose these.
* Don't ever forget that evolution just means *change*. It does not have to mean "change into a new species" ... even minor change is evolution ... and a lot of minor change produces major change.
* "Survival of the fittest" is a very loose description of natural selection ... but be careful. The point is not just *survival* of the fittest, but *reproduction* of the fittest. Sometimes the guy who doesn't live as long can reproduce *more* ... e.g. with the male praying mantis, or black widow, mating means certain death.
* That answers your question about mating. The male peacock's tail may be a *detriment* to survival (it certainly makes him easy pickings for predators), but if it provides an advantage to *reproduction* (because females pick the guy with the hottest tail package) then he wins. That's called 'sexual selection.'
* Serious environmental problems are NOT necessary to "wipe out" the "unfit". All that matters is that they do not compete as well with the "more fit" ... and gradually, generation after generation, they get weeded out.
* The term "fit" or "unfit" is always *relative to environment*. A change in environment, or moving into a new environment, can change what is "fit" or "unfit".
* Don't ever forget that natural selection is about competition between members of the *same species* ... not about competition *between species*. That's why there are no "super-antelopes." To survive, an antelope doesn't have to be able to outrun a lion ... it only has to outrun the other antelopes.
* There are *two* main mechanisms for evolution ... selection (usually called natural selection, but sexual selection and artificial selection also fall under this category) ... and genetic drift. Genetic drift is where genes become more or less frequent in the population by just random matings, not because there is any advantage or disadvantage. For example, recessive alleles may have no effect at all on the carrier in most cases, but they can spread slowly into the population until carriers start mating and produce offspring with a double dose ... and they are affected. This is how even harmful alleles can survive in a population for hundreds of generations ... or potentially advantageous alleles can go unnoticed for centuries, and then suddenly burst forth as carriers start mating and the advantaged offspring outcompete everyone else.
* It is important to understand *branching* ... why a species will split into two species (called speciation). In a nutshell,
evolution + isolation + time = speciation
I.e. if a population is separated into two reproductively isolated populations, then with enough time, the two populations will accumulate enough evolutionary change that they lose the ability to interbreed ... they have become two species. Once this happens, they are *forever* separate branches of evolution and will continue to get more and more different.
* The *pace* of evolution is an interesting part of research and debate. The concept of Punctuated Equilibrium holds that life can go through long periods of relatively minor, almost unnoticeable change ('equilibrium') interrupted ('punctuated') by periods of rapid evolution and production of new species, or even new *types* of species.Can anyone explain the finer points of evolution?
Asker ... did this, or any of the other answers below ... answer your question?
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Can anyone explain the finer points of evolution?It doesn't require huge catastrophes to happen. A small example can be the color of animals in the wild. Let take a snake for instance with 2 colors brown and white. Also, we have two enviroments a beach and a forest. The white snake will survive better on the beach than the brown snake because it will be disguised better and not get eaten. On the other side the brown snake will survive better in the forest because the white snake would be eaten. This means that the genes for the white snake gets passed on in the beach habitat but the brown snakes genes get passed on in the forest. This is evolution at work.Also selection of a mate does have to do with evolution. An animal with a darker color may get chosen as a mate because it is more fit to survive as seen by its darker color which is evidence if eat well.
There are many mechanisms at play for evolution. Mutations drive the whole thing. A big concept is populations evolve not individuals.Can anyone explain the finer points of evolution?
I think you pretty much have it nailed.
'Characteristics' and Mutations that lead to the death of a species get deselected. Those that see the species prosper get selected.
At its most base. Men like women who have large boobs and nice asses (child bearing hips) because men are 'programmed' to be attracted to women who will be able to bear children. Those men attracted to other womens shapes are rare because they died out generations ago.
The reverse is true. Women like men with big muscles and big d*cks. As they are likely to be able to produce children and protect the family. Again those women who prefer the opposite, are rare.Can anyone explain the finer points of evolution?Fitness is a relative thing, in any generation of any species some individuals will have higher fitness than others - in general these will be the ones who go on to have offspring and then pass their genes on. Individuals with lower fitness may have reduced survival or just reduced reproduction, either way they don't contribute to the next generation. For example, the survival rate to the age of 1 year is very low in many animals, only the fittest make it even to this stage.
There are other processes at work - there is always an element of randomness in the system, an individual with high fitness might end up dying from an injury for example. In very small populations, less fit individuals are more likely to breed than in large ones and a process called genetic drift becomes dominant over selection. This is a process which is rather random.
Mate selection, called sexual selection, is different from but mirrors natural selection. Females (usually) choose on the basis of physical characters which should related to the male's fitness - for example better male peacocks grow better tails and the females choose these.
Can someone give me a website to an article on air pollution?
It has to be at least 1000 words and I need it before Monday because I have to turn in 15 articles on environmental problems and I need one on air pollution. 10 points to the best articleCan someone give me a website to an article on air pollution?Air pollution is a chemical, physical (e.g. particulate matter), or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. The atmosphere is a complex, dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the earth's ecosystems.
Worldwide air pollution is responsible for large numbers of deaths and cases of respiratory disease. Enforced air quality standards, like the Clean Air Act in the United States, have reduced the presence of some pollutants. While major stationary sources are often identified with air pollution, the greatest source of emissions are actually mobile sources, principally the automobile. Gases such as carbon dioxide, which contribute to global warming, have recently gained recognition as pollutants.
[edit] Deaths
The World Health Organization estimates that 4.6 million people die each year from causes directly attributable to air pollution.[1] Many of these mortalities are attributable to indoor air pollution.[2] Worldwide more deaths per year are linked to air pollution than to automobile accidents.[3] Research published in 2005 suggests that 310,000 Europeans die from air pollution annually. Direct causes of air pollution related deaths include aggravated asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, lung and heart diseases, and respiratory allergies. The US EPA estimates that a proposed set of changes in diesel engine technology (Tier 2) could result in 12,000 fewer premature mortalities, 15,000 fewer heart attacks, 6,000 fewer emergency room visits by children with asthma, and 8900 fewer respiratory-related hospital admissions each year in the United States.
Beijing on a day after rain and a sunny but polluted day.The worst short term civilian pollution crisis in India was the 1984 Bhopal Disaster. Leaked industrial vapors from the Union Carbide factory, belonging to Union Carbide, Inc., U.S.A., killed more than 2,000 people outright and injured anywhere from 150,000 to 600,000 others, some 6,000 of whom would later die from their injuries. The United Kingdom suffered its worst air pollution event when the December 4th Great Smog of 1952 formed over London. In six days more than 4,000 died, and 8,000 more died within the following months. An accidental leak of anthrax spores from a biological warfare laboratory in the former USSR in 1979 near Sverdlovsk is believed to have been the cause of hundreds of civilian deaths. The worst single incident of air pollution to occur in the United States of America occurred in Donora, Pennsylvania in late October, 1948, when 20 people died and over 7,000 were injured. [1]
[edit] Sources
Air pollutants are classified as either directly released or formed by subsequent chemical reactions. A direct release air pollutant is one that is emitted directly from a given source, such as the carbon monoxide or sulfur dioxide, all of which are byproducts of combustion; whereas, a subsequent air pollutant is formed in the atmosphere through chemical reactions involving direct release pollutants. The formation of ozone in photochemical smog is the most important example of a subsequent air pollutant.
Anthropogenic sources (human activity) related to burning different kinds of fuel
Dust storm approaching Stratford, Texas
Using a controlled burn on a field in South Georgia in preparation for spring planting.Combustion-fired power plants (coal-fired power plants contribute 40% of world's sulphur and mercury)[citation needed]
Controlled burn practices used in agriculture and forestry management
Motor vehicles generating air pollution emissions.
Marine vessels, such as container ships or cruise ships, and related port air emissions
Burning fossil fuels
Burning wood, fireplaces, stoves, furnaces and incinerators
Other anthropogenic sources
Oil refining, power plant operation and industrial activity in general.
Chemicals, dust and crop waste burning in farming, (see Dust Bowl).
Fumes from paint, varnish, aerosol sprays and other solvents.
Waste deposition in landfills, which generate methane.
Military uses, such as nuclear weapons, toxic gases, germ warfare and rocketry.
Natural Sources
Dust from natural sources, usually large areas of land with little or no vegetation.
Methane, emitted by the digestion of food by animals, for example cattle.
Pine trees, which emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Radon gas from radioactive decay within the Earth's crust.
Smoke and carbon monoxide from wildfires.
Volcanic activity, which produce sulfur, chlorine, and ash particulates.
[edit] Air quality standards
[edit] Canada
In Canada, air quality standards are typically determined by a federal-provincial process known as the Canadian Council of Ministers for the Environment (CCME). CCME created the Canada-Wide Standards for ozone and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5). National Ambient Air Quality Objectives also exist for criteria air contaminants, although these are used less frequently than the CCME standards.
[edit] United Kingdom
Managing air quality in the United Kingdom is the responsibility of DEFRA. DEFRA core purpose is to improve the current and future quality of life a broad range of responsibilities of which environmental protection and air quality are key. DEFRA has recently (16th August 2006) launched a wiki to help create an environmental contract in collaboration with members of the UK community.
The present secretary for state the Rt Honorable David Milliband said in a recent speech:
If citizens, businesses and nations are to change their behaviour, they must be confident that their actions will be reciprocated. Citizens need to know their neighbours are committed and that together their actions will have critical mass. Business need to know that the bar is being raised, but it is being raised for all businesses. Nations need to know that others will follow suit.
This succinctly summarises the reason why the UK is harmonising its air quality strategy with the European Union air pollution strategy; so that communities that commit to improving air quality will not be penalised economically by becoming less competitive.
Air quality targets set by DEFRA are mostly aimed at local government representatives responsible for the management of air quality in cities, where air quality management is the most urgent. The UK has established an air quality network where levels of the key air pollutants are published by monitoring centers. Air quality in Oxford, Bath and London is particuarly poor. One controversial study created by Calor Gas and published in the Guardian newspaper compared walking in Oxford on an average day to smoking over sixty light cigarettes.
'Cigarette equivalents' is obviously a headline capturing measure and more reliable and accepted comparison data can be collected from UK Air Quality Archive which allows the user to compare a cities management of pollutants against objectives set by DEFRA in 2000.
It is, however, important to evaluate several aspects of air pollution, and especially to take into consideration overall average values, rather than localized peak values sometimes cited. The UK National Air Quality Information Archive offers almost real-time monitoring "current maximum" air pollution measurements for many UK towns and cities. This source offers a wide range of constantly updated data, including:
Hourly Mean Ozone (碌g/m鲁);
Hourly Mean Nitrogen dioxide (碌g/m鲁);
max 15 min mean Sulphur dioxide (碌g/m鲁);
8 Hourly Mean Carbon monoxide (mg/m鲁), and
24 Hour mean PM10 Particles (碌g/m鲁 Grav Equiv)
DEFRA acknowledges that air pollution has a significant effect on health and has produced a simple banding system that is used to create a daily warning system that is issued by the BBC Weather service to indicate air pollution levels. DEFRA has published guidelines for people suffering from respiratory and heart diseases.
[edit] United States
Looking down from the Hollywood Hills, with Griffith Observatory on the hill in the foreground, air pollution is visible in downtown Los Angeles on a late afternoon.In the 1960s, 70s, and 90s, the United States Congress enacted a series of Clean Air Acts which significantly strengthened regulation of air pollution. Individual U.S. states, some European nations and eventually the European Union followed these initiatives. The Clean Air Act sets numerical limits on the concentrations of a basic group of air pollutants and provides reporting and enforcement mechanisms.
In 1999, the United States EPA replaced the Pollution Standards Index (PSI) with the Air Quality Index (AQI) to incorporate new PM2.5 and Ozone standards.
[edit] Atmospheric dispersion modeling
main article: Atmospheric dispersion modeling
The basic technology for analyzing air pollution is through the use of a variety of mathematical models for predicting the transport of air pollutants in the lower atmosphere. The principal methodologies are:
Point source dispersion, used for simple industrial sources.
Line source dispersion, used for airport and roadway air dispersion modeling
Area source dispersion, used for forest fires or duststorms
Photochemical models, used to analyze reactive pollutants such as form smog
The point source problem is the best understood, since it involves simpler mathematics and has been studied for a long period of time, dating back to about the year 1900. It uses a Gaussian dispersion model to forecast the air pollution isopleths, with consideration given to wind velocity, stack height, emission rate, stability class (a measure of atmospheric turbulence).[2][3] This model has been extensively validated and calibrated with experimental data for all sorts of atmospheric conditions.
The roadway air dispersion model was developed starting in the late 1950s and early 1960s in response to requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act and the U.S. Department of Transportation (then known as the Federal Highway Administration) to understand impacts of proposed new highways upon air quality, especially in urban areas. Several research groups were active in this model development, among which were: the Environmental Research and Technology (ERT) group in Lexington, Massachusetts, the ESL Inc. group in Sunnyvale, California and the California Air Resources Board group in Sacramento, California. The research of the ESL group received a boost with a contract award from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to validate a line source model using sulfur hexafluoride as a tracer gas. This program was successful in validating the line source model developed by ESL inc. Some of the earliest uses of the model were in court cases involving highway air pollution, the Arlington, Virginia portion of Interstate 66 and the New Jersey Turnpike widening project through East Brunswick, New Jersey.
Area source models were developed in 1971 through 1974 by the mid 1970s by the ERT and ESL groups, but addressed a smaller fraction of total air pollution emissions, so that their use and need was not as widespread as the line source model, which enjoyed hundreds of different applications as early as the 1970s. Similarly photochemical models were developed primarily in the 1960s and 1970s, but their use was more specialized and for regional needs, such as understanding smog formation in the Livermore Valley, California.
[edit] Indoor air pollution, or Indoor air quality (IAQ)
The lack of ventilation indoors concentrates air pollution where people have greatest exposure times. Radon (Rn) gas, a carcinogen, is exuded from the Earth in certain locations and trapped inside houses. Researchers have found that radon gas is responsible for over 1,800 deaths annually in the United Kingdom.[citation needed] Building materials including carpeting and plywood emit formaldehyde (H2CO) gas. Paint and solvents give off volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as they dry. Lead paint can degenerate into dust and be inhaled. Intentional air pollution is introduced with the use of air fresheners, incense, and other scented items. Controlled wood fires in stoves and fireplaces can add significant amounts of smoke particulates into the air, inside and out. Indoor air pollution may arise from such mundane sources as shower water mist containing arsenic or manganese, both of which are damaging to inhale. The arsenic (As3+) can be trapped with a shower nozzle filter.
Indoor pollution fatalities may be caused by using pesticides and other chemical sprays indoors without proper ventilation, and many homes have been destroyed by accidental pesticide explosions.[citation needed]
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a quick and silent killer, often caused by faulty vents and chimneys, or by the burning of charcoal indoors. 56,000 Americans died from CO in the period 1979-1988.[citation needed] Chronic carbon monoxide poisoning can result even from poorly adjusted pilot lights. Smoke inhalation is a common cause of death in victims of house fires. Traps are built into all domestic plumbing to keep deadly sewer gas, hydrogen sulfide, out of interiors. Clothing emits tetrachloroethylene, or other dry cleaning fluids, for days after dry cleaning.
Though its use has now been banned in many countries, the extensive use of asbestos in industrial and domestic environments in the past has left a potentially very dangerous material in many localities. Asbestosis is a chronic inflammatory medical condition affecting the tissue of the lungs. It occurs after long-term, heavy exposure to asbestos, e.g. in mining or in the installation or removal of asbestos-containing materials from structures. Sufferers have severe dyspnea (shortness of breath) and are at an increased risk regarding several different types of lung cancer. As clear explanations are not always stressed in non-technical literature, care should be taken to distinguish between several forms of relevant diseases. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), these may defined as; asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma (generally a very rare form of cancer, when more widespread it is almost always associated with prolonged exposure to asbestos).
Biological sources of air pollution are also found indoors, as gases and airborne particulates. Pets produce dander, people produce dust from minute skin flakes, dust mites in bedding, carpeting and furniture produce enzymes and micron-sized fecal droppings, inhabitants emit methane, mold forms in walls and generates mycotoxins and spores, air conditioning systems can incubate Legionnaires' disease and mold, toilets can emit feces-tainted mists [4], and houseplants, soil and surrounding gardens can produce pollen, dust, and mold. Indoors, the lack of air circulation allows these airborne pollutants to accumulate more than they would otherwise occur in nature.
[edit] Reduction efforts
There are many available air pollution control technologies and urban planning strategies available to reduce air pollution; however, worldwide costs of addressing the issue are high.[citation needed] Enforced air quality standards, like the Clean Air Act in the United States, have reduced the presence of some pollutants.
Many countries have programs to or are debating how to reduce dependence on fossil fuels for energy production and shift toward renewable energy technologies or nuclear power plants.
Efforts to reduce pollution from mobile sources includes primary regulation (many developing countries have permissive regulations), expanding regulation to new sources (such as cruise and transport ships, farm equipment, and small gas-powered equipment such as lawn trimmers, chainsaws, and snowmobiles), increased fuel efficiency (such as through the use of hybrid vehicles), conversion to cleaner fuels (such as bioethanol, biodiesel), or conversion to electric vehicles with renewable energy sources (batteries or clean fuel such as hydrogen being used for transport and storage).
[edit] Control devices
The following items are commonly used as pollution control devices by industry or transportation devices. They can either destroy contaminants or remove them from an exhaust stream before it is emitted into the atmosphere.
Particulate control
Mechanical collectors (dust cyclones, multicyclones)
Electrostatic precipitators
Fabric filters (baghouses)
Particulate scrubbers
NOx control
Low NOx burners
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
Selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR)
NOx scrubbers
Exhaust gas recirculation
Catalytic converter (also for VOC control)
VOC abatement
Adsorption systems, such as activated carbon
Flares
Thermal oxidizers
Catalytic oxidizers
Biofilters
Absorption (scrubbing)
Cryogenic condensers
Acid Gas/SO2 control
Wet scrubbers
Dry scrubbers
Flue gas desulfurization
Mercury control
Sorbent Injection Technology
Electro-Catalytic Oxidation (ECO)
K-Fuel
Dioxin and furan control
Ambient cleaning systems
Associated equipment
Source capturing systems
Continuous emissions monitoring systems (CEMS)
[edit] Greenhouse effect and ocean acidification
The greenhouse effect is a phenomenon whereby increased carbon dioxide emissions create a condition in the upper atmosphere, causing a trapping of excess heat and leading to increased surface temperatures. This effect has been understood by scientists for nearly two centuries, and technological advancements during this period have helped increase the breadth and depth of data relating to the phenomenon. A number of studies have investigated the potential for long-term rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide to cause slight but critical increases in the acidity of ocean waters and the possible effects of this on marine ecosystems.
[edit] See also
Air pollution dispersion modeling books
Air pollution in British Columbia
Air stagnation
AP 42 Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors
Asian brown cloud
Atmospheric chemistry
Atmospheric dispersion modeling
Building biology
Compilation of atmospheric dispersion models
Flue gas desulfurization
Flue gas emissions from fossil fuel combustion
Global Atmosphere Watch
Global warming
Greenhouse effect
Kyoto Protocol
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
Smog and Haze
Spare the Air program
[edit] References
^ Davis, Devra (2002). When Smoke Ran Like Water: Tales of Environmental Deception and the Battle Against Pollution. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-01521-2.
^ Turner, D.B. (1994). Workbook of atmospheric dispersion estimates: an introduction to dispersion modeling, 2nd Edition, CRC Press. ISBN 1-56670-023-X. www.crcpress.com
^ Beychok, M.R. (2005). Fundamentals Of Stack Gas Dispersion, 4th Edition, author-published. ISBN 0-9644588-0-2. www.air-dispersion.com
[edit] External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Air pollution
[edit] Air quality agencies
The environmental agency of Chile Air Quality Agency (Spanish language)
The Environment Canada air program
EPA.gov: Information on air pollution from the United States Environmental Protection Agency
The Greater Vancouver Regional District air program
The Bay Area Air Quality Management District[5].
[edit] Air quality initiatives
Canada-USA Border Air Quality Strategy
Georgia Basin-Puget Sound International Airshed Strategy
World Bank archived online discussion: "Regulating Fuel Markets for Cleaner Air"
[edit] Air quality public outreach and engagement
Spare the Air (established by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District)
[edit] Regional air quality information
Scorecard.org: Check how much air pollution exists in your local zipcode (United States)
Local air pollution - On a site by the Australian Academy of science
all UK pollution measurements, and emission estimates, as well as much general information on air pollution.
The UK Air Quality Website - This provides public access to * Report on 2005 air pollution study by the European Commission
[edit] Air quality science and general information
Watch and read 'Dirty Little Secrets', 2006 ABC-TV documentary on fine particle pollution from vehicle exhausts
British Government Health and Safety Executive: Asbestos
EPA Air Toxics info page
Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding Air Pollution
Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM):Environmental Triggers of Asthma
Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC): overviews, news and reports on air pollution
WHO-Europe reports Health Aspects of Air Pollution (2003) (PDF) and "Answer to follow-up questions from CAFE (2004) (PDF)Can someone give me a website to an article on air pollution?Wikipedia has a nice article; see:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_polluti鈥?/a>multiplication table printable
Worldwide air pollution is responsible for large numbers of deaths and cases of respiratory disease. Enforced air quality standards, like the Clean Air Act in the United States, have reduced the presence of some pollutants. While major stationary sources are often identified with air pollution, the greatest source of emissions are actually mobile sources, principally the automobile. Gases such as carbon dioxide, which contribute to global warming, have recently gained recognition as pollutants.
[edit] Deaths
The World Health Organization estimates that 4.6 million people die each year from causes directly attributable to air pollution.[1] Many of these mortalities are attributable to indoor air pollution.[2] Worldwide more deaths per year are linked to air pollution than to automobile accidents.[3] Research published in 2005 suggests that 310,000 Europeans die from air pollution annually. Direct causes of air pollution related deaths include aggravated asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, lung and heart diseases, and respiratory allergies. The US EPA estimates that a proposed set of changes in diesel engine technology (Tier 2) could result in 12,000 fewer premature mortalities, 15,000 fewer heart attacks, 6,000 fewer emergency room visits by children with asthma, and 8900 fewer respiratory-related hospital admissions each year in the United States.
Beijing on a day after rain and a sunny but polluted day.The worst short term civilian pollution crisis in India was the 1984 Bhopal Disaster. Leaked industrial vapors from the Union Carbide factory, belonging to Union Carbide, Inc., U.S.A., killed more than 2,000 people outright and injured anywhere from 150,000 to 600,000 others, some 6,000 of whom would later die from their injuries. The United Kingdom suffered its worst air pollution event when the December 4th Great Smog of 1952 formed over London. In six days more than 4,000 died, and 8,000 more died within the following months. An accidental leak of anthrax spores from a biological warfare laboratory in the former USSR in 1979 near Sverdlovsk is believed to have been the cause of hundreds of civilian deaths. The worst single incident of air pollution to occur in the United States of America occurred in Donora, Pennsylvania in late October, 1948, when 20 people died and over 7,000 were injured. [1]
[edit] Sources
Air pollutants are classified as either directly released or formed by subsequent chemical reactions. A direct release air pollutant is one that is emitted directly from a given source, such as the carbon monoxide or sulfur dioxide, all of which are byproducts of combustion; whereas, a subsequent air pollutant is formed in the atmosphere through chemical reactions involving direct release pollutants. The formation of ozone in photochemical smog is the most important example of a subsequent air pollutant.
Anthropogenic sources (human activity) related to burning different kinds of fuel
Dust storm approaching Stratford, Texas
Using a controlled burn on a field in South Georgia in preparation for spring planting.Combustion-fired power plants (coal-fired power plants contribute 40% of world's sulphur and mercury)[citation needed]
Controlled burn practices used in agriculture and forestry management
Motor vehicles generating air pollution emissions.
Marine vessels, such as container ships or cruise ships, and related port air emissions
Burning fossil fuels
Burning wood, fireplaces, stoves, furnaces and incinerators
Other anthropogenic sources
Oil refining, power plant operation and industrial activity in general.
Chemicals, dust and crop waste burning in farming, (see Dust Bowl).
Fumes from paint, varnish, aerosol sprays and other solvents.
Waste deposition in landfills, which generate methane.
Military uses, such as nuclear weapons, toxic gases, germ warfare and rocketry.
Natural Sources
Dust from natural sources, usually large areas of land with little or no vegetation.
Methane, emitted by the digestion of food by animals, for example cattle.
Pine trees, which emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Radon gas from radioactive decay within the Earth's crust.
Smoke and carbon monoxide from wildfires.
Volcanic activity, which produce sulfur, chlorine, and ash particulates.
[edit] Air quality standards
[edit] Canada
In Canada, air quality standards are typically determined by a federal-provincial process known as the Canadian Council of Ministers for the Environment (CCME). CCME created the Canada-Wide Standards for ozone and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5). National Ambient Air Quality Objectives also exist for criteria air contaminants, although these are used less frequently than the CCME standards.
[edit] United Kingdom
Managing air quality in the United Kingdom is the responsibility of DEFRA. DEFRA core purpose is to improve the current and future quality of life a broad range of responsibilities of which environmental protection and air quality are key. DEFRA has recently (16th August 2006) launched a wiki to help create an environmental contract in collaboration with members of the UK community.
The present secretary for state the Rt Honorable David Milliband said in a recent speech:
If citizens, businesses and nations are to change their behaviour, they must be confident that their actions will be reciprocated. Citizens need to know their neighbours are committed and that together their actions will have critical mass. Business need to know that the bar is being raised, but it is being raised for all businesses. Nations need to know that others will follow suit.
This succinctly summarises the reason why the UK is harmonising its air quality strategy with the European Union air pollution strategy; so that communities that commit to improving air quality will not be penalised economically by becoming less competitive.
Air quality targets set by DEFRA are mostly aimed at local government representatives responsible for the management of air quality in cities, where air quality management is the most urgent. The UK has established an air quality network where levels of the key air pollutants are published by monitoring centers. Air quality in Oxford, Bath and London is particuarly poor. One controversial study created by Calor Gas and published in the Guardian newspaper compared walking in Oxford on an average day to smoking over sixty light cigarettes.
'Cigarette equivalents' is obviously a headline capturing measure and more reliable and accepted comparison data can be collected from UK Air Quality Archive which allows the user to compare a cities management of pollutants against objectives set by DEFRA in 2000.
It is, however, important to evaluate several aspects of air pollution, and especially to take into consideration overall average values, rather than localized peak values sometimes cited. The UK National Air Quality Information Archive offers almost real-time monitoring "current maximum" air pollution measurements for many UK towns and cities. This source offers a wide range of constantly updated data, including:
Hourly Mean Ozone (碌g/m鲁);
Hourly Mean Nitrogen dioxide (碌g/m鲁);
max 15 min mean Sulphur dioxide (碌g/m鲁);
8 Hourly Mean Carbon monoxide (mg/m鲁), and
24 Hour mean PM10 Particles (碌g/m鲁 Grav Equiv)
DEFRA acknowledges that air pollution has a significant effect on health and has produced a simple banding system that is used to create a daily warning system that is issued by the BBC Weather service to indicate air pollution levels. DEFRA has published guidelines for people suffering from respiratory and heart diseases.
[edit] United States
Looking down from the Hollywood Hills, with Griffith Observatory on the hill in the foreground, air pollution is visible in downtown Los Angeles on a late afternoon.In the 1960s, 70s, and 90s, the United States Congress enacted a series of Clean Air Acts which significantly strengthened regulation of air pollution. Individual U.S. states, some European nations and eventually the European Union followed these initiatives. The Clean Air Act sets numerical limits on the concentrations of a basic group of air pollutants and provides reporting and enforcement mechanisms.
In 1999, the United States EPA replaced the Pollution Standards Index (PSI) with the Air Quality Index (AQI) to incorporate new PM2.5 and Ozone standards.
[edit] Atmospheric dispersion modeling
main article: Atmospheric dispersion modeling
The basic technology for analyzing air pollution is through the use of a variety of mathematical models for predicting the transport of air pollutants in the lower atmosphere. The principal methodologies are:
Point source dispersion, used for simple industrial sources.
Line source dispersion, used for airport and roadway air dispersion modeling
Area source dispersion, used for forest fires or duststorms
Photochemical models, used to analyze reactive pollutants such as form smog
The point source problem is the best understood, since it involves simpler mathematics and has been studied for a long period of time, dating back to about the year 1900. It uses a Gaussian dispersion model to forecast the air pollution isopleths, with consideration given to wind velocity, stack height, emission rate, stability class (a measure of atmospheric turbulence).[2][3] This model has been extensively validated and calibrated with experimental data for all sorts of atmospheric conditions.
The roadway air dispersion model was developed starting in the late 1950s and early 1960s in response to requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act and the U.S. Department of Transportation (then known as the Federal Highway Administration) to understand impacts of proposed new highways upon air quality, especially in urban areas. Several research groups were active in this model development, among which were: the Environmental Research and Technology (ERT) group in Lexington, Massachusetts, the ESL Inc. group in Sunnyvale, California and the California Air Resources Board group in Sacramento, California. The research of the ESL group received a boost with a contract award from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to validate a line source model using sulfur hexafluoride as a tracer gas. This program was successful in validating the line source model developed by ESL inc. Some of the earliest uses of the model were in court cases involving highway air pollution, the Arlington, Virginia portion of Interstate 66 and the New Jersey Turnpike widening project through East Brunswick, New Jersey.
Area source models were developed in 1971 through 1974 by the mid 1970s by the ERT and ESL groups, but addressed a smaller fraction of total air pollution emissions, so that their use and need was not as widespread as the line source model, which enjoyed hundreds of different applications as early as the 1970s. Similarly photochemical models were developed primarily in the 1960s and 1970s, but their use was more specialized and for regional needs, such as understanding smog formation in the Livermore Valley, California.
[edit] Indoor air pollution, or Indoor air quality (IAQ)
The lack of ventilation indoors concentrates air pollution where people have greatest exposure times. Radon (Rn) gas, a carcinogen, is exuded from the Earth in certain locations and trapped inside houses. Researchers have found that radon gas is responsible for over 1,800 deaths annually in the United Kingdom.[citation needed] Building materials including carpeting and plywood emit formaldehyde (H2CO) gas. Paint and solvents give off volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as they dry. Lead paint can degenerate into dust and be inhaled. Intentional air pollution is introduced with the use of air fresheners, incense, and other scented items. Controlled wood fires in stoves and fireplaces can add significant amounts of smoke particulates into the air, inside and out. Indoor air pollution may arise from such mundane sources as shower water mist containing arsenic or manganese, both of which are damaging to inhale. The arsenic (As3+) can be trapped with a shower nozzle filter.
Indoor pollution fatalities may be caused by using pesticides and other chemical sprays indoors without proper ventilation, and many homes have been destroyed by accidental pesticide explosions.[citation needed]
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a quick and silent killer, often caused by faulty vents and chimneys, or by the burning of charcoal indoors. 56,000 Americans died from CO in the period 1979-1988.[citation needed] Chronic carbon monoxide poisoning can result even from poorly adjusted pilot lights. Smoke inhalation is a common cause of death in victims of house fires. Traps are built into all domestic plumbing to keep deadly sewer gas, hydrogen sulfide, out of interiors. Clothing emits tetrachloroethylene, or other dry cleaning fluids, for days after dry cleaning.
Though its use has now been banned in many countries, the extensive use of asbestos in industrial and domestic environments in the past has left a potentially very dangerous material in many localities. Asbestosis is a chronic inflammatory medical condition affecting the tissue of the lungs. It occurs after long-term, heavy exposure to asbestos, e.g. in mining or in the installation or removal of asbestos-containing materials from structures. Sufferers have severe dyspnea (shortness of breath) and are at an increased risk regarding several different types of lung cancer. As clear explanations are not always stressed in non-technical literature, care should be taken to distinguish between several forms of relevant diseases. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), these may defined as; asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma (generally a very rare form of cancer, when more widespread it is almost always associated with prolonged exposure to asbestos).
Biological sources of air pollution are also found indoors, as gases and airborne particulates. Pets produce dander, people produce dust from minute skin flakes, dust mites in bedding, carpeting and furniture produce enzymes and micron-sized fecal droppings, inhabitants emit methane, mold forms in walls and generates mycotoxins and spores, air conditioning systems can incubate Legionnaires' disease and mold, toilets can emit feces-tainted mists [4], and houseplants, soil and surrounding gardens can produce pollen, dust, and mold. Indoors, the lack of air circulation allows these airborne pollutants to accumulate more than they would otherwise occur in nature.
[edit] Reduction efforts
There are many available air pollution control technologies and urban planning strategies available to reduce air pollution; however, worldwide costs of addressing the issue are high.[citation needed] Enforced air quality standards, like the Clean Air Act in the United States, have reduced the presence of some pollutants.
Many countries have programs to or are debating how to reduce dependence on fossil fuels for energy production and shift toward renewable energy technologies or nuclear power plants.
Efforts to reduce pollution from mobile sources includes primary regulation (many developing countries have permissive regulations), expanding regulation to new sources (such as cruise and transport ships, farm equipment, and small gas-powered equipment such as lawn trimmers, chainsaws, and snowmobiles), increased fuel efficiency (such as through the use of hybrid vehicles), conversion to cleaner fuels (such as bioethanol, biodiesel), or conversion to electric vehicles with renewable energy sources (batteries or clean fuel such as hydrogen being used for transport and storage).
[edit] Control devices
The following items are commonly used as pollution control devices by industry or transportation devices. They can either destroy contaminants or remove them from an exhaust stream before it is emitted into the atmosphere.
Particulate control
Mechanical collectors (dust cyclones, multicyclones)
Electrostatic precipitators
Fabric filters (baghouses)
Particulate scrubbers
NOx control
Low NOx burners
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
Selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR)
NOx scrubbers
Exhaust gas recirculation
Catalytic converter (also for VOC control)
VOC abatement
Adsorption systems, such as activated carbon
Flares
Thermal oxidizers
Catalytic oxidizers
Biofilters
Absorption (scrubbing)
Cryogenic condensers
Acid Gas/SO2 control
Wet scrubbers
Dry scrubbers
Flue gas desulfurization
Mercury control
Sorbent Injection Technology
Electro-Catalytic Oxidation (ECO)
K-Fuel
Dioxin and furan control
Ambient cleaning systems
Associated equipment
Source capturing systems
Continuous emissions monitoring systems (CEMS)
[edit] Greenhouse effect and ocean acidification
The greenhouse effect is a phenomenon whereby increased carbon dioxide emissions create a condition in the upper atmosphere, causing a trapping of excess heat and leading to increased surface temperatures. This effect has been understood by scientists for nearly two centuries, and technological advancements during this period have helped increase the breadth and depth of data relating to the phenomenon. A number of studies have investigated the potential for long-term rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide to cause slight but critical increases in the acidity of ocean waters and the possible effects of this on marine ecosystems.
[edit] See also
Air pollution dispersion modeling books
Air pollution in British Columbia
Air stagnation
AP 42 Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors
Asian brown cloud
Atmospheric chemistry
Atmospheric dispersion modeling
Building biology
Compilation of atmospheric dispersion models
Flue gas desulfurization
Flue gas emissions from fossil fuel combustion
Global Atmosphere Watch
Global warming
Greenhouse effect
Kyoto Protocol
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
Smog and Haze
Spare the Air program
[edit] References
^ Davis, Devra (2002). When Smoke Ran Like Water: Tales of Environmental Deception and the Battle Against Pollution. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-01521-2.
^ Turner, D.B. (1994). Workbook of atmospheric dispersion estimates: an introduction to dispersion modeling, 2nd Edition, CRC Press. ISBN 1-56670-023-X. www.crcpress.com
^ Beychok, M.R. (2005). Fundamentals Of Stack Gas Dispersion, 4th Edition, author-published. ISBN 0-9644588-0-2. www.air-dispersion.com
[edit] External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Air pollution
[edit] Air quality agencies
The environmental agency of Chile Air Quality Agency (Spanish language)
The Environment Canada air program
EPA.gov: Information on air pollution from the United States Environmental Protection Agency
The Greater Vancouver Regional District air program
The Bay Area Air Quality Management District[5].
[edit] Air quality initiatives
Canada-USA Border Air Quality Strategy
Georgia Basin-Puget Sound International Airshed Strategy
World Bank archived online discussion: "Regulating Fuel Markets for Cleaner Air"
[edit] Air quality public outreach and engagement
Spare the Air (established by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District)
[edit] Regional air quality information
Scorecard.org: Check how much air pollution exists in your local zipcode (United States)
Local air pollution - On a site by the Australian Academy of science
all UK pollution measurements, and emission estimates, as well as much general information on air pollution.
The UK Air Quality Website - This provides public access to * Report on 2005 air pollution study by the European Commission
[edit] Air quality science and general information
Watch and read 'Dirty Little Secrets', 2006 ABC-TV documentary on fine particle pollution from vehicle exhausts
British Government Health and Safety Executive: Asbestos
EPA Air Toxics info page
Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding Air Pollution
Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM):Environmental Triggers of Asthma
Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC): overviews, news and reports on air pollution
WHO-Europe reports Health Aspects of Air Pollution (2003) (PDF) and "Answer to follow-up questions from CAFE (2004) (PDF)Can someone give me a website to an article on air pollution?Wikipedia has a nice article; see:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_polluti鈥?/a>
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